TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXERCISE OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE IN GENERAL
- TITLE I - COMMERCIAL ENTREPRENEURS, COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES AND ACTS OF COMMERCE
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 1 - Commercial entrepreneurs
- Article 2 - Commercial enterprise
- Article 3 - Acts of commerce
- Article 4 - Subsidiary law
- CHAPTER II - COMMERCIAL CAPACITY
- Article 5 - Who can be commercial entrepreneur
- Article 6 - Prohibition of exercise of commercial enterprise
- Article 7 - Commercial entrepreneur lacking legal capacity
- Article 8 - Exercise of commercial enterprise of a person lacking legal capacity
- CHAPTER III - IMPEDIMENTS AND INCOMPATIBILITIES FOR EXERCISING OF A COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
- Article 9 - Who cannot be a commercial entrepreneur
- Article 10 - Capacity of the Territory and the municipality
- CHAPTER IV - LEGITIMACY OF MARRIED COMMERCIAL ENTREPRENEUR
- Article 11 - Powers of commercial entrepreneur
- CHAPTER V - OBLIGATIONS OF COMMERCIAL ENTREPRENEURS
- Article 12 - Special obligations of commercial entrepreneurs
- Article 13 - Small entrepreneurs
- TITLE II - FIRM
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 14 - Obligation to have firm
- Article 15 - Principle of truth
- Article 16 - Principle of novelty
- Article 17 - Obligation to use Portuguese and Chinese languages
- Article 18 - Other requirements
- Article 19 - Firms registered outside the Territory
- Article 20 - Exclusive use of firm
- Article 21 - Illegal use of the firm
- CHAPTER II - SPECIAL PROVISIONS
- Article 22 - Composition of firm of commercial entrepreneurs
- Article 23 - Firm of individual commercial entrepreneur
- Article 24 - Firm of general partnerships
- Article 25 - Firm of limited partnerships
- Article 26 - Firm of private companies
- Article 27 - Firm of single shareholder private companies
- Article 28 - Firm of public companies
- Article 29 - Firm of economic interest groupings
- Article 30 - Firm of other collective persons commercial entrepreneurs
- Article 31 - Transfer of firm
- Article 32 - Withdrawal or decease of shareholder or associate
- CHAPTER III - EXTINCTION OF FIRM
- Article 33 - Void firm
- Article 34 - Voidable firm
- Article 35 - Lapse of firm
- Article 36 - Declaration of lapse of firm
- Article 37 - Renunciation of firm
- TITLE III - COMMERCIAL BOOKKEEPING
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 38 - Obligation of commercial bookkeeping
- Article 39 - Compulsory books
- Article 40 - Compulsory legalization
- Article 41 - Legalization of compulsory books
- CHAPTER II - FORM OF BOOKKEEPING
- Article 42 - Keeping of book of inventories and balance sheets
- Article 43 - Keeping of daily book
- Article 44 - Books of minutes of collective person commercial entrepreneurs
- Article 45 - Who can perform bookkeeping
- Article 46 - External requirements of bookkeeping
- Article 47 - Microfilming of commercial bookkeeping
- Article 48 - Evidentiary value of microfilm
- Article 49 - Obligation to keep books, correspondence and documents
- Article 50 - Destruction of documents
- Article 51 - Bookkeeping as evidence
- Article 52 - Confidentiality of commercial bookkeeping
- Article 53 - Execution of examination of bookkeeping
- CHAPTER III - ANNUAL ACCOUNTS OR OF ACCOUNTING PERIOD
- Article 54 - Elaboration of annual or accounting period accounts
- Article 55 - Preparation of balance sheet, profit and loss account and annex
- Article 56 - Structure of balance sheet and profit and loss account
- Article 57 - Signature of annual or accounting period accounts
- Article 58 - Appraisal of elements of annual accounts
- Article 59 - Amortization of fixed assets and current assets
- Article 60 - Auditing of annual accounts
- TITLE IV - REGISTRATION
- Article 61 - Purpose of registration
- Article 62 - Acts subject to registration and publication
- TITLE V - RENDERING OF ACCOUNTS
- Article 63 - Obligation to render accounts
- TITLE VI - REPRESENTATION IN THE EXERCISE OF AN ENTERPRISE
- CHAPTER I - MANAGERS
- Article 64 - Engagement of managers
- Article 65 - Powers of manager
- Article 66 - Obligations of manager
- Article 67* - Registration of engagement of management
- *[Revoked by Law no. 6/2000, of April 27]
- Article 68* - Registration of acts of modification and revocation of the engagement of management
- *[Revoked by Law no. 6/2000, of April 27]
- Article 69 - Signature
- Article 70 - Personal liability of manager
- Article 71 - Prohibition of competition by manager
- Article 72 - Application to representatives of entrepreneurs from outside Macao
- Article 73 - Revocation of engagement of management
- Article 74 - Non-transferability of the position of manager
- Article 75 - Death or legal incapacity of principal
- Article 76 - Procurators
- CHAPTER II - ENTREPRENEUR'S ASSISTANTS
- Article 77 - Powers of assistants
- Article 78 - Powers of derogation of general contractual clauses
- Article 79 - Powers of assistants in relation to transactions concluded
- Article 80 - Other powers of assistants
- TITLE VII - LIABILITY FOR THE EXERCISE OF AN ENTERPRISE
- Article 81 - Presumption
- Article 82 - Liability for debts contracted in the exercise of an enterprise
- Article 83 - Liability for obligations contracted outside Macao
- Article 84 - Liability of spouses' assets for the exercise of a commercial enterprise
- TITLE VIII - CIVIL LIABILITY OF COMMERCIAL ENTREPRENEUR
- Article 85 - Objective liability of producer commercial entrepreneur
- Article 86 - Product
- Article 87 - Defect
- Article 88 - Exclusion of liability
- Article 89 - Joint and several liability
- Article 90 - Contribution of injured party and of third party
- Article 91 - Compensatable damage
- Article 92 - No derogation
- Article 93 - Limitation of actions
- Article 94 - Lapse
- TITLE IX - COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 95 - Nature of the right over commercial enterprise
- Article 96 - Means to protect his rights
- Article 97 - Protection of possession
- Article 98 - Claim for return [acção de reivindicação] of commercial enterprise
- Article 99 - Direct action
- Article 100 - Acquisition of ownership of enterprise
- Article 101 - Acquisitive prescription [usucapião]
- CHAPTER II - TRANSACTIONS OVER COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 102 - Existence of commercial enterprise
- Article 103 - Form and registration
- SECTION II - TRANSFER OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
- Article 104 - Subsidiary rules
- Article 105 - Scope of enterprise under transfer
- Article 106 - Delivery of enterprise
- Article 107 - Usufruct and lease of enterprise
- Article 108 - Obligation of non-competition
- Article 109 - Breach of obligation of non-competition
- Article 110 - Succession in contracts
- Article 111 - Succession in employment contracts
- Article 112 - Credits relating to transferred enterprise
- Article 113 - Debts relating to transferred enterprise
- SECTION III - LEASE OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
- Article 114 - Concept
- Article 115 - Time limit
- Article 116 - Subsidiary rules
- Article 117 - Obligation to run commercial enterprise
- Article 118 - Powers of tenant
- Article 119 - Acts of disposal and charges over the goods of an enterprise
- Article 120 - Prohibition of competition
- Article 121 - Obligation to return
- Article 122 - Obligation of delivery by landlord
- Article 123 - Obligation of non-competition
- Article 124 - Breach of obligation of non-competition
- Article 125 - Immediate maturity of credits
- Article 126 - Joint and several liability of landlord
- Article 127 - Liability of judicial administrator
- Article 128 - Transfer of leased enterprise
- Article 129 - Succession in lease contract of enterprise
- Article 130 - Termination of lease of enterprise
- Article 131 - Publicity of termination of lease of an enterprise
- CHAPTER III - USUFRUCT OF ENTERPRISE
- Article 132 - Creation of usufruct over an enterprise
- Article 133 - Subsidiary provisions
- Article 134 - Obligations of usufructuary
- Article 135 - Powers of usufructuary
- Article 136 - Acts of disposal and charges over goods of the enterprise
- Article 137 - Prohibition of competition
- Article 138 - Bail
- Article 139 - Obligation of non-competition
- Article 140 - Breach of obligation of non-competition
- Article 141 - Liquidation of inventory balance
- Article 142 - Compensation of usufructuary for the increase of value of enterprise
- Article 143 - Publicity of termination of usufruct
- CHAPTER IV - PLEDGE OF ENTERPRISE
- Article 144 - Pledge of enterprise
- Article 145 - Effect of pledge of an enterprise
- Article 146 - Minimum content
- Article 147 - Scope of pledge of an enterprise
- Article 148 - Duty to manage enterprise
- Article 149 - Removal of pledged enterprise
- Article 150 - Extinction of lease
- Article 151 - Effects of pledge of enterprise
- Article 152 - Judicial sale of pledged enterprise
- TITLE X - REGULATION OF COMPETITION BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURS
- CHAPTER I - COMPETITION BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURS IN GENERAL
- Article 153 - Legal limits
- Article 154 - Contractual limits
- Article 155 - Obligation to contract
- CHAPTER II - UNFAIR COMPETITION
- Article 156 - Objective scope
- Article 157 - Subjective scope
- Article 158 - General clause
- Article 159 - Acts of confusion
- Article 160 - Misleading acts
- Article 161 - Offers
- Article 162 - Negative statements
- Article 163 - Acts of comparison
- Article 164 - Acts of imitation
- Article 165 - Exploitation of other persons' reputation
- Article 166 - Breach of secrets
- Article 167 - Promotion and exploitation of contractual breaches
- Article 168 - Exploitation of dependence
- Article 169 - Sales at a loss
- Article 170 - Judicial action for unfair competition
- Article 171 - Sanctions
- Article 172 - Compensation for damage
- Article 173 - Legitimacy of entities representing of interested parties
EXERCISE OF A COLLECTIVE ENTERPRISE AND CO-OPERATION IN THE EXERCISE OF AN ENTERPRISE
- TITLE I - COMMERCIAL COMPANIES
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PART
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 174 - Types of commercial companies
- Article 175 - Territorial scope
- Article 176 - Personality
- Article 177 - Capacity
- Article 178 - Companies with permanent activity in the Territory
- SECTION II - ACT OF INCORPORATION
- SUBSECTION I - FORM AND CONTENT OF ACT OF INCORPORATION
- Article 179 - Form and minimum content of the act of incorporation
- Article 180 - Object
- Article 181 - Registered office
- Article 182 - Expression of capital
- Article 183 - Duration
- Article 184 - Special rights
- Article 185 - Agreements outside the company
- SUBSECTION II - REGISTRATION OF ACT OF INCORPORATION
- Article 186* - Certification of payment of company capital
- *[Revoked by Law no. 6/2000, of April 27]
- Article 187 - Time limit and legitimacy to apply for registration
- Article 188 - Effect of acts prior to registration
- Article 189 - Relations between the shareholders prior to registration
- Article 190 - Relations with third parties prior to registration
- SUBSECTION III - INVALIDITY, RESPONSIBILITY, SUSPENSION AND SUPERVISION
- Article 191 - Invalidity of act of incorporation
- Article 192 - Liability for incorporation of company
- Article 193 - Suspension of activity
- SECTION III - RELATIONS BETWEEN SHAREHOLDERS AND THE COMPANY
- SUBSECTION I - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SHAREHOLDERS IN GENERAL
- Article 194 - Right to equality of treatment
- Article 195 - Rights of shareholders
- Article 196 - Obligations of shareholders
- SUBSECTION II - RIGHT TO PROFITS
- Article 197 - Participation in profits and losses
- Article 198 - Profit and limits to its distribution
- Article 199 - Resolution on distribution of profits
- Article 200 - Return of goods unduly received
- SUBSECTION III - PAYMENT OF CAPITAL
- Article 201 - Form of payment of capital participation
- Article 202 - Verification of value of payment in kind
- Article 203 - Moment of payment of capital participations
- Article 204 - Performance of payment of capital participation
- Article 205 - Rights of creditors regarding contributions
- Article 206 - Loss of half of capital
- SUBSECTION IV - OTHER RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
- Article 207 - Usufruct and pledge of company participation
- Article 208 - Acquisition and transfer of goods from and to shareholders
- Article 209 - Right to information
- Article 210 - Communications of a company to shareholders
- Article 211 - Judicial examination of company
- Article 212 - Responsibility of dominant shareholder
- Article 213 - Single shareholdership
- SECTION IV - COMPANY ORGANS
- SUBSECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 214 - Company organs
- Article 215 - Judicial taking up of company positions
- SUBSECTION II - GENERAL MEETING
- Article 216 - Matters falling within the competence of shareholder resolution
- Article 217 - Types of resolutions
- Article 218 - General meeting
- Article 219 - Restriction on right to vote due to conflict of interest
- Article 220 - Ordinary and extraordinary sessions of the general meeting
- Article 221 - Call of sessions of the general meeting
- Article 222 - Call notice
- Article 223 - Functioning of general meeting
- Article 224 - Interruption and suspension of sessions
- Article 225 - Majorities
- Article 226 - Unity of vote
- Article 227 - Lack of assent of shareholders
- Article 228 - Void resolutions
- Article 229 - Voidable resolutions
- Article 230 - Annulment proceedings
- Article 231 - Provisions common to nullity and annulment proceedings
- Article 232 - Suspension of company resolutions
- Article 233 - Minutes
- SUBSECTION III - ADMINISTRATION
- Article 234 - Administration
- Article 235 - Competence of administration
- Article 236 - Powers of representation of administrators and binding of the company
- SUBSECTION IV - COMPANY SECRETARY
- Article 237 - Company secretary
- Article 238 - Competence of company secretary
- SUBSECTION V - SUPERVISORY ORGAN
- Article 239 - Supervisory board and single supervisor
- Article 240 - Impediments
- Article 241 - Election and dismissal of members of supervisory board or single supervisor
- Article 242 - Competence of supervisory board or single supervisor
- Article 243 - Powers and duties of members of supervisory board or single supervisor
- Article 244 - Meetings, resolutions and minutes of supervisory board
- SECTION V - LIABILITY OF HOLDERS OF COMPANY ORGANS
- Article 245 - Liability of administrators towards the company
- Article 246 - Liability restriction, limitation, renunciation and limitation of actions
- Article 247 - Liability proceedings initiated by the company
- Article 248 - Liability proceedings initiated by shareholders
- Article 249 - Liability towards creditors of the company
- Article 250 - Direct liability towards shareholders and third parties
- Article 251 - Liability of managers, procurators and holders of other organs
- SECTION VI - BOOKS AND ACCOUNTS OF COMPANIES
- SUBSECTION I - BOOKS OF COMPANIES
- Article 252 - Compulsory books
- SUBSECTION II - COMPANY ACCOUNTS
- Article 253 - Duration, start and end of accounting period
- Article 254 - Annual accounts, report and proposal
- Article 255 - Report of administration
- Article 256 - Report and opinion of supervisory board or single supervisor
- Article 257 - Issue of bonds and public offer
- Article 258 - Consultation of annual accounts
- Article 259 - Judicial approval of accounts
- SECTION VII - AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
- SUBSECTION I - AMENDMENTS IN GENERAL
- Article 260 - General principles
- SUBSECTION II - INCREASE OF CAPITAL
- Article 261 - Types and limits
- Article 262 - Requirements of resolution
- Article 263 - Increase by means of new entries
- Article 264 - Increase by means of incorporation of reserves
- SUBSECTION III - REDUCTION OF CAPITAL
- Article 265 - Requirements of reduction resolution
- Article 266 - Registration and publication of resolution
- Article 267 - Moment in which reduction of company capital takes effect
- Article 268 - Protection of company creditors
- Article 269 - Reduction motivated by losses
- Article 270 - Simultaneous increase and reduction of capital
- SUBSECTION IV - MODIFICATION OF COMPANY OBJECT
- Article 271 - Rights of creditors
- SECTION VIII - MERGER OF COMPANIES
- Article 272 - Concept and types
- Article 273 - Merger project
- Article 274 - Supervision of project
- Article 275 - Registration of project and call of general meeting
- Article 276 - Consultation of documents
- Article 277 - General meeting
- Article 278 - Resolution
- Article 279 - Participation of a company in the capital of another
- Article 280 - Right to voluntary exoneration from a company
- Article 281 - Merger document
- Article 282 - Publicity of merger and opposition of creditors
- Article 283 - Effects of opposition
- Article 284 - Bondholder creditors
- Article 285 - Holders of other instruments
- Article 286 - Registration of merger
- Article 287 - Effect of registration
- Article 288 - Condition or term
- Article 289 - Liability arising from merger
- Article 290 - Enforcement of liability in case of extinction of company
- Article 291 - Absorption of a company totally controlled by another
- Article 292 - Nullity of merger
- SECTION IX - DIVISION OF COMPANIES
- SUBSECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 293 - Concept and types
- Article 294 - Division project
- Article 295 - Applicable provisions
- Article 296 - Exclusion of novation
- Article 297 - Liability for debts
- SUBSECTION II - SIMPLE DIVISION
- Article 298 - Requirements of simple division
- Article 299 - Separable assets and liabilities
- Article 300 - Capital reduction of company to be divided
- SUBSECTION III - DIVISION-DISSOLUTION
- Article 301 - Division-dissolution. Extension
- Article 302 - Participation in new company
- Article 303 - Applicable provision
- SUBSECTION IV - DIVISION-MERGER
- Article 304 - Special requirements
- Article 305 - Creation of new companies
- Article 306 - Applicable provisions
- SECTION X - TRANSFORMATION OF COMPANIES
- Article 307 - General principles
- Article 308 - Impediments to transformation
- Article 309 - Report by administration
- Article 310 - Resolutions
- Article 311 - Formalities of transformation
- Article 312 - Participations of shareholders
- Article 313 - Exoneration of opposing shareholders
- Article 314 - Guarantees of third parties
- SECTION XI - DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
- SUBSECTION I - DISSOLUTION
- Article 315 - Causes of dissolution and their registration
- Article 316 - Effects of dissolution
- Article 317 - Obligations of the administration of a dissolved company
- SUBSECTION II - LIQUIDATION
- Article 318 - General rules
- Article 319 - Time limit for liquidation
- Article 320 - Liquidators
- Article 321 - Rules applicable to liquidators
- Article 322 - Annual accounts, final accounts and report of liquidators
- Article 323 - Approval of final accounts, distribution, registration and extinction of company
- Article 324 - Registration and extinction of company
- Article 325 - Supervening assets and liabilities
- SECTION XII - PUBLICITY OF COMPANY ACTS
- Article 326 - Publication
- Article 327 - Liability for discrepancy
- Article 328 - Mentions in documents addressed to third parties
- SECTION XIII - SUPERVISION BY PUBLIC MINISTRY
- Article 329 - Supervision by Public Ministry
- SECTION XIV - LIMITATION OF ACTIONS
- Article 330 - Limitation of actions
- CHAPTER II - GENERAL PARTNERSHIPS
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 331 - Characteristics
- Article 332 - Partners and their contributions
- Article 333 - Content of articles of association
- Article 334 - Industry partners
- Article 335 - Competition and participation in other partnerships or companies
- Article 336 - Right to information
- Article 337 - Inter vivos transfer of participations
- SECTION II - REDEMPTION, DECEASE, EXECUTION, EXONERATION AND EXCLUSION
- Article 338 - Redemption of participations
- Article 339 - Decease of a partner
- Article 340 - Execution of participation
- Article 341 - Exoneration
- Article 342 - Exclusion of partner
- Article 343 - Appraisal of participation
- SECTION III - RESOLUTIONS OF PARTNERS AND ADMINISTRATION
- Article 344 - Resolutions of partners
- Article 345 - Administration and supervision
- Article 346 - Functioning of administration
- SECTION IV - DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
- Article 347 - Dissolution and liquidation
- CHAPTER III - LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS
- Article 348 - Types of limited partnerships
- Article 349 - Characteristics
- Article 350 - Content of articles of association
- Article 351 - Rules applicable to limited partnerships
- Article 352 - Resolutions
- Article 353 - Administration
- Article 354 - Transfer of participations
- Article 355 - Dissolution
- CHAPTER IV - PRIVATE COMPANIES
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 356 - Characteristics
- Article 357 - Direct liability of shareholders towards company creditors
- Article 358 - Maximum number of shareholders
- Article 359 - Minimum company capital
- SECTION II - RELATIONS BETWEEN SHAREHOLDERS AND THE COMPANY
- SUBSECTION I - SHARES AND THEIR PAYMENT
- Article 360 - Shares
- Article 361 - Moment of payment of shares
- Article 362 - Liability of other shareholders for payment of shares
- Article 363 - Pre-emption right in case of increase of capital
- SUBSECTION II - DIVISION OF SHARES
- Article 364 - Division of shares
- Article 365 - Share held in common by various persons [quota indivisa]
- SUBSECTION III - TRANSFER OF SHARES
- Article 366 - Form and registration of transfer
- Article 367 - Transferability of shares
- SUBSECTION IV - REDEMPTION OF SHARES
- Article 368 - Redemption of shares
- Article 369 - Form and effect of redemption
- Article 370 - Settlement of redemption
- Article 371 - Exclusion of shareholder
- Article 372 - Exoneration of shareholder
- SUBSECTION V - ACQUISITION OF OWN SHARES
- Article 373 - Acquisition of own shares
- SUBSECTION VI - SUPPLEMENTARY PAYMENTS
- Article 374 - Obligation of supplementary payments
- Article 375 - Demand for supplementary payments
- Article 376 - Refund of supplementary payments
- SUBSECTION VII - PROFITS AND LEGAL RESERVE
- Article 377 - Profits and legal reserve
- SUBSECTION VIII - SPECIAL RIGHTS
- Article 378 - Special rights of shareholders
- SECTION III - GENERAL MEETING AND ADMINISTRATION
- Article 379 - General meeting
- Article 380 - Allotment of votes and calculation of majority
- Article 381 - Competence of shareholders
- Article 382 - Majorities
- Article 383 - Composition of the administration
- Article 384 - Appointment and term of office of administrators
- Article 385 - Substitution of administrators
- Article 386 - Functioning of administration
- Article 387 - Remuneration of administrators
- Article 388 - Renunciation of administrators
- Article 389 - Dismissal of administrators
- SECTION IV - SINGLE SHAREHOLDER PRIVATE COMPANIES
- Article 390 - Single shareholder private companies
- Article 391 - Legal transactions between single shareholder and company
- Article 392 - Decisions of single shareholder
- CHAPTER V - PUBLIC COMPANIES
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS AND PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION
- SUBSECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- ARTICLE 393 - Characteristics
- Article 394 - Payment of capital
- Article 395 - Act of incorporation
- SUBSECTION II - CREATION THROUGH PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION
- Article 396 - Creation through public subscription
- Article 397 - Project
- Article 398 - Liability
- Article 399 - Supervision of project and offer
- Article 400 - Publicity
- Article 401 - Payment in money
- Article 402 - Incomplete subscription
- Article 403 - Incorporation meeting
- Article 404 - Resolutions
- Article 405 - Registration of incorporation
- Article 406 - Indirect subscription
- Article 407 - Transferability of shares
- SECTION II - RELATIONS OF SHAREHOLDERS WITH THE COMPANY
- SUBSECTION I - SHARES AND THEIR PAYMENT
- Article 408 - Types and categories of shares
- Article 409 - Moment of payment of shares
- Article 410 - Liability for payment of shares
- Article 411 - Nature of instruments representing shares
- Article 412 - Conversion of instruments
- Article 413 - Coupons
- Article 414 - Indivisibility
- Article 415 - Special rights
- Article 416 - Instruments representing shares
- Article 417 - Book for registration of shares
- Article 418 - Deposit of shares
- Article 419 - How to make a deposit
- SUBSECTION II - PREFERENCE SHARES WITHOUT VOTE
- Article 420 - Issue and priority dividend
- Article 421 - Non-payment of priority dividend
- Article 422 - Rights, quorum and majority
- Article 423 - Redeemable preference shares
- SUBSECTION III - TRANSFER OF SHARES
- Article 424 - Transfer of instruments representing shares
- Article 425 - Legal restrictions to transfer
- SUBSECTION IV - OWN SHARES
- Article 426 - Acquisition of own shares
- Article 427 - Resolution for acquisition of own shares
- Article 428 - Transfer of own shares
- Article 429 - Rules applicable to own shares
- SUBSECTION V - RIGHT TO INFORMATION
- Article 430 - Right to information before general meeting
- SUBSECTION VI - PROFITS AND LEGAL RESERVE
- Article 431 - Right to profits
- Article 432 - Legal reserve
- SECTION III - BONDS
- Article 433 - Concept and types
- Article 434 - Conditions and limits
- Article 435 - Series and incomplete subscription
- Article 436 - Registration
- Article 437 - Issue resolution
- Article 438 - Minimum content of issue resolutions
- Article 439 - Supplementary interest
- Article 440 - Payment of supplementary interest and reimbursement premium
- Article 441 - Pre-emption right
- Article 442 - Prohibition of amendments
- Article 443 - Attribution of interest and dividends of convertible bonds
- Article 444 - Increase by effect of conversion and registration
- Article 445 - Settlement with creditors and dissolution of the company
- Article 446 - Own bonds
- Article 447 - Meeting of bondholders and common representative
- Article 448 - Instruments representing bonds
- SECTION IV - RESOLUTIONS BY SHAREHOLDERS
- Article 449 - Limits
- Article 450 - Participation in meeting
- Article 451 - Call of meeting
- Article 452 - Votes
- Article 453 - Quorum for functioning and passing resolutions
- SECTION V - ADMINISTRATION
- Article 454 - Composition
- Article 455 - Duration of term of office and representation
- Article 456 - Substitution of administrators
- Article 457 - Judicial appointment
- Article 458 - President of the board of administration
- Article 459 - Bail and remuneration
- Article 460 - Transactions with company
- Article 461 - Prohibition of competition
- Article 462 - Suspension of administrators
- Article 463 - Dismissal
- Article 464 - Resignation
- Article 465 - Competence of board of administration
- Article 466 - Executive administrator and executive committee
- Article 467 - Meetings and resolutions of the board
- Article 468 - Representation
- SECTION VI - INCREASE OF CAPITAL
- Article 469 - Pre-emption right of shareholders
- Article 470 - Notice and time limit for exercise of pre-emption right
- Article 471 - Incomplete subscription
- SECTION VII - COMMUNICATION OF DOMINANT PARTICIPATION
- Article 472 - Communications to be made to company
- CHAPTER VI - PENAL PROVISIONS
- Article 473 - No collection of capital contribution
- Article 474 - Unlawful acquisition of own shares
- Article 475 - Abuse of position of dominant shareholder
- Article 476 - Unlawful redemption of shares
- Article 477 - Unlawful distribution of company assets
- Article 478 - Irregularity in calling company meetings
- Article 479 - Disturbance of company meeting
- Article 480 - Fraudulent participation in company meetings
- Article 481 - Unlawful refusal of information
- Article 482 - False information
- Article 483 - Misleading call
- Article 484 - Obstruction of supervision
- Article 485 - Breach of duty to propose dissolution of company or reduction of capital
- Article 486 - Irregularities in issue of instruments
- Article 487 - Common principles
- Article 488 - Subsidiary legislation
- TITLE II - ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPINGS
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 489 - Purpose of an economic interest grouping
- Article 490 - Complementarity of activity of an economic interest grouping
- Article 491 - Profits
- Article 492 - Capital and instruments of representation
- Article 493 - Form and compulsory content of grouping contract
- Article 494 - Publications
- Article 495 - Acquisition of legal personality
- Article 496 - Bonds issue
- Article 497 - Mentions in documents addressed to third parties
- CHAPTER II - ORGANS OF ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPING
- Article 498 - Organs of the grouping
- Article 499 - Administration
- Article 500 - Representation of grouping
- Article 501 - Resolutions of members of grouping
- Article 502 - Supervision
- Article 503 - Liability of holders of organs of grouping
- CHAPTER III - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERS
- Article 504 - Acts forbidden to members of a grouping
- Article 505 - Participation in profits and expenses
- Article 506 - Right to information
- Article 507 - Transfer of participation
- Article 508 - Admission of new members
- Article 509 - Liability of members
- CHAPTER IV - EXONERATION, EXCLUSION AND DEATH OR EXTINCTION OF A MEMBER
- Article 510 - Exoneration
- Article 511 - Exclusion
- Article 512 - Death or extinction of member
- Article 513 - Liquidation of participation
- Article 514 - Liability of former member
- Article 515 - Continuation in existence
- CHAPTER V - DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
- Article 516 - Causes of dissolution
- Article 517 - Dissolution upon petition of certain persons
- Article 518 - Entry in liquidation
- Article 519 - Distribution of patrimony
- CHAPTER VI - LIMITATION OF ACTIONS AND DEFAULT RULES
- Article 520 - Limitation of actions
- Article 521 - Default rules
- CHAPTER VII - PENAL PROVISIONS
- Article 522 - Unlawful distribution of assets of grouping
- Article 523 - Unlawful refusal of information
- Article 524 - False information
- Article 525 - Obstruction to supervision
- Article 526 - Exercise of directly lucrative activity
- Article 527 - Common principles
- TITLE III - CONSORTIUM CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 528 - Concept
- Article 529 - Object
- Article 530 - Form
- Article 531 - Content
- Article 532 - Duties of members of consortium
- Article 533 - Prohibition of common funds
- Article 534 - Amendment to contract
- Article 535 - Types of consortium
- CHAPTER II - EXTERNAL CONSORTIUM
- Article 536 - External consortium
- Article 537 - Guidance and supervision board
- Article 538 - Consortium leader
- Article 539 - Internal functions of consortium leader
- Article 540 - External functions of consortium leader
- Article 541 - Amounts handed to consortium leader
- Article 542 - Trade name of external consortium
- Article 543 - Sharing of amounts received for activity of an external consortium
- Article 544 - Sharing of proceeds of activity of an external consortium
- Article 545 - Relations with third parties
- CHAPTER III - INTERNAL CONSORTIUM
- Article 546 - Internal consortium
- Article 547 - Participation in profits and losses of internal consortium
- CHAPTER IV - TERMINATION OF CONTRACT
- Article 548 - Extinction of consortium
- Article 549 - Exoneration of members
- Article 550 - Rescission of the contract
- TITLE IV - ASSOCIATION IN PARTICIPATION CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 551 - Concept and regime
- Article 552 - Plurality of associates
- Article 553 - Form
- Article 554 - Contribution of associate
- CHAPTER II - EXECUTION OF CONTRACT
- Article 555 - Participation in profits and losses
- Article 556 - Duties of associating party
- Article 557 - Rendering of accounts
- CHAPTER III - TERMINATION OF CONTRACT
- Article 558 - Extinction of association
- Article 559 - Death of associate or associating party
- Article 560 - Extinction of associate or of associating party
- Article 561 - Rescission of contract
- Article 562 - Denunciation of contract
EXTERNAL ACTIVITY OF AN ENTERPRISE
- TITLE I - COMMERCIAL OBLIGATIONS IN SPECIAL
- Article 563 - Rules applicable to unilateral acts of commerce
- Article 564 - Integration of offer
- Article 565 - Usage
- Article 566 - Non-necessity of form in certain acts
- Article 567 - Joint and several rule
- Article 568 - Joint and several liability of giver of bond
- Article 569 - Commercial interest
- Article 570 - Onerous character
- Article 571 - Obligations of entrepreneur who refuses mandate
- Article 572 - Death of principal
- Article 573 - Duty of diligence
- Article 574 - Generic obligations
- Article 575 - Deposit of goods sold
- Article 576 - Enforcement procedure resulting from non-performance by buyer
- Article 577 - Enforcement procedure as result of non-performance by seller
- TITLE II - CONTRACT FOR SALE OR RETURN
- Article 578 - Concept
- Article 579 - Impossibility of return
- Article 580 - Disposal of goods
- TITLE III - SUPPLY CONTRACT
- Article 581 - Concept
- Article 582 - Quantity of supply
- Article 583 - Determination of price
- Article 584 - Payment of price
- Article 585 - Maturity of each performance
- Article 586 - Rescission of contract
- Article 587 - Suspension of the supply
- Article 588 - Pre-emption agreement
- Article 589 - Exclusive dealing in favor of supplier
- Article 590 - Exclusive dealing in favor of client
- Article 591 - Denunciation
- Article 592 - Reference
- TITLE IV - COMMISSION CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 593 - Concept
- Article 594 - Revocation of commission
- CHAPTER II - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES
- Article 595 - Obligations of commission agent
- Article 596 - Non-performance of commission or disrespect of instructions
- Article 597 - Safekeeping of merchandise and protection of rights of principal
- Article 598 - Liability of commission agent regarding safekeeping of merchandise
- Article 599 - Verification of damage occurring to merchandise
- Article 600 - Liability of commission agent for defective performance
- Article 601 - Liability of commission agent for performance of contracts
- Article 602 - Contracts agreed under more advantageous conditions
- Article 603 - Credit operations
- Article 604 - Endorsement of negotiable instruments
- Article 605 - Buying from or selling to principal
- Article 606 - Obligation to mark merchandise
- Article 607 - Transactions regarding merchandise belonging to different principals
- Article 608 - Credits with different origins
- Article 609 - Examination of goods by principal
- Article 610 - Delay by principal
- Article 611 - Remuneration
- Article 612 - Acquisition of right to remuneration
- Article 613 - Expenses
- Article 614 - Right of retention
- Article 615 - Commission in relation to other transactions
- TITLE V - FORWARDING CONTRACT
- Article 616 - Concept
- Article 617 - Revocation
- Article 618 - Obligations of forwarding agent
- Article 619 - Rights of forwarding agent
- Article 620 - Assumption of liability for execution of carriage
- Article 621 - Default regime
- TITLE VI - AGENCY CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 622 - Concept and form
- Article 623 - Agent with power of representation
- Article 624 - Collection of credits
- Article 625 - Exclusive agent
- Article 626 - Sub-agency
- CHAPTER II - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES
- SECTION I - OBLIGATIONS OF AGENT
- Article 627 - General principle
- Article 628 - Enumeration
- Article 629 - Obligation of confidentiality
- Article 630 - Obligation of non-competition
- Article 631 - 'Del credere' agreement
- Article 632 - Temporary impossibility
- SECTION II - RIGHTS OF AGENT
- Article 633 - General principle
- Article 634 - Enumeration
- Article 635 - Right to notice
- Article 636 - Remuneration
- Article 637 - Right to commission
- Article 638 - Succession of agents
- Article 639 - Acquisition of right to commission
- Article 640 - Non-performance
- Article 641 - Expenses
- CHAPTER III - PROTECTION OF THIRD PARTIES
- Article 642 - Duty of information
- Article 643 - Representation without powers
- Article 644 - Apparent representation
- CHAPTER IV - TERMINATION OF CONTRACT
- Article 645 - Mutual agreement
- Article 646 - Lapse
- Article 647 - Duration of contract
- Article 648 - Denunciation
- Article 649 - Lack of advance notice
- Article 650 - Rescission
- Article 651 - Declaration of rescission
- Article 652 - Compensation
- Article 653 - Compensation for goodwill
- Article 654 - Calculation of compensation for goodwill
- Article 655 - Right of retention
- Article 656 - Obligation to return
- TITLE VII - COMMERCIAL CONCESSION CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 657 - Concept, form and pre-contractual information
- Article 658 - Exclusivity
- Article 659 - Duration of contract
- Article 660 - Sub-concession
- CHAPTER II - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES
- SECTION I - OBLIGATIONS OF CONCESSIONAIRE
- Article 661 - General principle
- Article 662 - Enumeration
- Article 663 - Obligation of minimum sale
- Article 664 - Obligation to keep the product unchanged
- Article 665 - Obligations of confidentiality and of non-competition
- SECTION II - OBLIGATIONS OF PRINCIPAL
- Article 666 - General principle
- Article 667 - Enumeration
- Article 668 - Delivery and information
- Article 669 - Obligation to satisfy orders
- Article 670 - Warranty for quality of goods
- Article 671 - Obligation of confidentiality
- CHAPTER III - TRANSFER OF THE CONTRACTUAL POSITION
- Article 672 - Transfer of position of concessionaire
- CHAPTER IV - TERMINATION OF CONTRACT
- Article 673 - Reference
- Article 674 - Lapse and renewal
- Article 675 - Transfer upon death or extinction of concessionaire
- Article 676 - Denunciation
- Article 677 - Rescission
- Article 678 - Termination of contract for reasons not imputable to concessionaire
- TITLE VIII - FRANCHISING CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 679 - Concept
- Article 680 - Pre-contractual information and clarification
- Article 681 - Form
- Article 682 - Licenses to use industrial or intellectual property rights
- Article 683 - Exclusivity
- Article 684 - Duration of contract
- Article 685 - Sub-franchise
- CHAPTER II - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES
- SECTION I - OBLIGATIONS OF FRANCHISER
- Article 686 - General principle
- Article 687 - Enumeration
- Article 688 - Information
- Article 689 - Choice of suppliers of goods and services
- Article 690 - Obligations of provision and of guarantee
- Article 691 - Supervision of franchise network
- Article 692 - Compensation
- Article 693 - Obligation of confidentiality
- SECTION II - OBLIGATIONS OF FRANCHISEE
- Article 694 - Obligations of franchisee
- Article 695 - Enumeration
- Article 696 - Limit upon use of know-how
- Article 697 - Communication of experience
- Article 698 - Training of franchisee and his assistants
- Article 699 - Advertising
- Article 700 - Breach of intellectual and industrial property rights
- Article 701 - Obligation of minimum sale
- Article 702 - Obligation of confidentiality and non-competition
- CHAPTER III - TRANSFER OF CONTRACTUAL POSITION
- Article 703 - Transfer of position of franchisee
- CHAPTER IV - TERMINATION OF CONTRACT
- Article 704 - Termination of contract
- Article 705 - Transfer upon death or extinction of franchisee
- Article 706 - Termination of use of know-how and distinctive marks
- Article 707 - Termination of contract for reasons not imputable to franchisee
- TITLE IX - BROKERAGE CONTRACT
- Article 708 - Broker
- Article 709 - Commission
- Article 710 - Reimbursement of expenses
- Article 711 - Commission in case of conditional or invalid contracts
- Article 712 - Plurality of brokers
- Article 713 - Obligation to communicate circumstances relating to transaction
- Article 714 - Obligations of professional brokers
- Article 715 - Representation by broker
- Article 716 - Undisclosed contracting party
- Article 717 - Bail by broker
- Article 718 - Limitation of actions
- Article 719 - Special legislation
- TITLE X - ADVERTISING CONTRACTS
- CHAPTER I - ADVERTISING CONTRACT
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 720 - Concept
- Article 721 - Forbidden clauses
- Article 722 - Clause guaranteeing revenue
- Article 723 - Duty of abstention
- SECTION II - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES
- SUBSECTION I - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF ADVERTISING ENTREPRENEUR
- Article 724 - Enumeration
- Article 725 - Protection of advertiser's interests
- Article 726 - Obligation of confidentiality
- Article 727 - Remuneration
- Article 728 - Right to remuneration
- SUBSECTION II - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF CLIENT
- Article 729 - Obligations of client
- Article 730 - Supervision of advertising
- SECTION III - DEFECTS OF ADVERTISING AND EXTINCTION OF CONTRACT
- Article 731 - Reduction of remuneration or repetition of advertising
- Article 732 - Rescission
- Article 733 - Withdrawal by client
- Article 734 - Effects of extinction of contract
- CHAPTER II - ADVERTISING DIFFUSION CONTRACT
- Article 735 - Concept
- Article 736 - Diffusion of advertising
- Article 737 - Duty of creditor
- Article 738 - Defective performance
- Article 739 - Non-performance of obligation of diffusion of advertising
- Article 740 - Reference
- CHAPTER III - ADVERTISING CREATION CONTRACT
- Article 741 - Concept
- Article 742 - Making of advertising creation
- Article 743 - Obligation of confidentiality
- Article 744 - Withdrawal from contract
- Article 745 - Protection of advertising creations
- Article 746 - Reference
- CHAPTER IV - SPONSORSHIP CONTRACT
- Article 747 - Concept
- Article 748 - Reference
- TITLE XI - CARRIAGE CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 749 - Concept
- Article 750 - Applicable rules
- Article 751 - Gratuitous transport
- Article 752 - Obligation to transport
- Article 753 - Exclusion and limitation of liability
- Article 754 - Liability for delay
- Article 755 - Who can execute carriage
- Article 756 - Limitation of actions in carriage and shipping
- CHAPTER II - CARRIAGE OF PERSONS
- Article 757 - Duration of carriage
- Article 758 - Liability of carrier
- Article 759 - Connecting carriage
- CHAPTER III - CARRIAGE OF GOODS
- Article 760 - Duration of carriage
- Article 761 - Information and delivery of documents
- Article 762 - Bill of lading
- Article 763 - Right to dispose of goods
- Article 764 - Impossibility or delay of carriage
- Article 765 - Delivery of goods
- Article 766 - Rights of consignee
- Article 767 - Impediments to delivery
- Article 768 - Bill of lading or shipping receipt to order or to bearer
- Article 769 - Liability of carrier towards shipper
- Article 770 - Liability for loss or deterioration of goods
- Article 771 - Presumption of fortuitousness or force majeure
- Article 772 - Natural shrinkage
- Article 773 - Evaluation of damage and compensation
- Article 774 - Right of consignee to verification
- Article 775 - Loss of right to claim
- Article 776 - Cumulative carriage
- Article 777 - Consecutive carriage
- Article 778 - Collection of credits
- TITLE XII - DEPOSIT IN GENERAL WAREHOUSES
- Article 779 - Concept
- Article 780 - Liability of entrepreneur running general warehouse
- Article 781 - Right to mix deposited goods
- Article 782 - Right of depositor
- Article 783 - Sale of deposited goods
- Article 784 - Content of deposit receipt in a general warehouse
- Article 785 - Pledge certificate
- Article 786 - Name in which deposit receipt and pledge certificate can be issued
- Article 787 - Circulation of deposit receipt and pledge certificate
- Article 788 - Rights of holder
- Article 789 - Mentions of first endorsement of pledge certificate
- Article 790 - Rights of holder of deposit receipt
- Article 791 - Judicial seizure [penhora] and judicial apprehension [arresto] of deposited goods
- Article 792 - Right of protest and sale
- Article 793 - Continuation of sale in the case of article 791
- Article 794 - Right of holder in case of accident
- Article 795 - Rights and expenses with priority over pledge credit
- Article 796 - Right of holder to remaining amount
- Article 797 - Judicial action against endorsers
- TITLE XIII - LODGING CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 798 - Concept
- Article 799 - Obligation to contract
- Article 800 - Conclusion of lodging contract
- Article 801 - Reservations
- Article 802 - Duration of contract
- CHAPTER II - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES
- Article 803 - Obligations of guest
- Article 804 - Rights of guest
- Article 805 - Payment of price
- Article 806 - Responsibility for acts of companions
- Article 807 - Obligations of host
- Article 808 - Entry into premises
- Article 809 - Responsibility for death or bodily injury
- Article 810 - Liability for goods brought to hostelry
- Article 811 - Limits of liability
- Article 812 - Liability for goods delivered and obligations of host
- Article 813 - Exclusion of liability
- Article 814 - Obligation to denounce damage
- Article 815 - Nullity
- Article 816 - Limits of application
- Article 817 - Return of premises
- Article 818 - Right of retention
- Article 819 - Responsibility for providing custody of goods in other places
- TITLE XIV - CURRENT ACCOUNT CONTRACT
- Article 820 - Concept
- Article 821 - Credits excluded from current account
- Article 822 - Interest
- Article 823 - Expenses and right to commission
- Article 824 - Effect of entry into account
- Article 825 - Effect of guarantee of credits entered
- Article 826 - Credits against third parties
- Article 827 - Judicial seizure [penhora] of balance
- Article 828 - Closure of current account
- Article 829 - Approval of account
- Article 830 - Termination of contract
- TITLE XV - SECURITIES LENDING CONTRACT [REPORTE]
- Article 831 - Concept
- Article 832 - Conclusion of the contract
- Article 833 - Accessory rights and duties inherent to instruments
- Article 834 - Interest, dividends and right to vote
- Article 835 - Right of option
- Article 836 - Lotteries for prizes or refund
- Article 837 - Payments of instruments not liberated
- Article 838 - Extension of time limit and renewal of contract
- Article 839 - Non-performance
- TITLE XVI - BANKING CONTRACTS
- CHAPTER I - BANK DEPOSIT
- Article 840 - Concept
- Article 841 - Deposit of money
- Article 842 - Modalities
- Article 843 - Deposit of securities for administration
- CHAPTER II - RENTAL OF SAFE-DEPOSIT BOXES
- Article 844 - Liability of bank
- Article 845 - Obligations of renter
- Article 846 - Use of safe by third parties
- Article 847 - Access to safe
- Article 848 - Opening of safe
- Article 849 - Forcible opening of safe
- CHAPTER III - OPENING OF BANK CREDIT
- Article 850 - Concept
- Article 851 - Use of credit
- Article 852 - Guarantee
- Article 853 - Rescission
- CHAPTER IV - BANK ADVANCE
- Article 854 - Concept
- Article 855 - Disposability of goods pledged
- Article 856 - Insurance of goods and safekeeping expenses
- Article 857 - Withdrawal of merchandise or securities
- Article 858 - Decrease of guarantee
- Article 859 - Pledge and guarantee of anticipation
- CHAPTER V - BANKING TRANSACTIONS IN CURRENT ACCOUNT
- Article 860 - Disposal by client
- Article 861 - Compensation between balances of various relations or accounts
- Article 862 - Current account in name of various persons
- Article 863 - Operations for undetermined period of time
- Article 864 - Execution of instructions
- Article 865 - Applicable rules
- CHAPTER VI - BANK DISCOUNT
- Article 866 - Concept
- Article 867 - Discount of bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheques
- Article 868 - Discount of bills of exchange with documents attached
- CHAPTER VII - FACTORING CONTRACT
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 869 - Concept
- Article 870 - Default rules
- Article 871 - Form
- Article 872 - Assignment of future credits and block credits
- SECTION II - EXECUTION OF CONTRACT
- Article 873 - General principle
- Article 874 - Global reach
- Article 875 - Guarantee of solvency
- Article 876 - Duty of information
- Article 877 - Communication to debtor
- Article 878 - Transfer of guarantees and other accessories, and of benefit of clause of reservation of title
- SECTION III - EFFECTS REGARDING THIRD PARTIES
- Article 879 - Agreement of non-assignment
- Article 880 - Effect of assignment regarding third parties
- Article 881 - Defenses invokable by debtor
- Article 882 - Return by debtor
- Article 883 - Bankruptcy contestation of payments made by assigned debtor
- SECTION IV - TERMINATION OF CONTRACT
- Article 884 - Mutual agreement
- Article 885 - Lapse
- Article 886 - Denunciation
- Article 887 - Rescission
- Article 888 - Bankruptcy of supplier
- CHAPTER VIII - LEASING
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 889 - Concept
- Article 890 - Object
- SECTION II - CONCLUSION AND VALIDITY OF CONTRACT
- Article 891 - Form and publicity
- Article 892 - Rents and residual value
- Article 893 - Reduction of rent
- Article 894 - Time limit
- Article 895 - Destination of good after expiry of contract
- Article 896 - Application
- SECTION III - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES
- Article 897 - Legal position of lessor
- Article 898 - Legal position of lessee
- Article 899 - Transfer of position of lessee
- Article 900 - Defects of leased good
- Article 901 - Relations between lessee and seller or builder
- Article 902 - Expenses
- Article 903 - Risk
- Article 904 - Delay in payment of rent
- Article 905 - Rescission of contract
- Article 906 - Specific cases of rescission of contract
- Article 907 - Guarantees
- Article 908 - Anticipation of rent
- Article 909 - Provisional remedy of judicial delivery and cancellation of registration
- Article 910 - Operations previous to contract
- TITLE XVII - GUARANTEE CONTRACTS
- CHAPTER I - COMMERCIAL PLEDGE
- Article 911 - Commercial nature of pledge
- Article 912 - Modalities of commercial pledge
- Article 913 - Scope of the commercial pledge
- Article 914 - Delivery to third party and symbolic delivery
- Article 915 - Form of pledge without dispossession
- Article 916 - Transfer or creation of guarantees over pledged goods
- CHAPTER II - FIDUCIARY TRANSFER IN GUARANTEE
- Article 917 - Effects and limits
- Article 918 - Form and publicity
- Article 919 - Minimum content
- Article 920 - Fiduciary transfer in guarantee of property of third parties
- Article 921 - Burden of proof
- Article 922 - Non-performance
- Article 923 - Forfeiture of benefit of time limit
- Article 924 - Seizure of good
- Article 925 - Liability of transferor in guarantee
- Article 926 - Subrogation
- Article 927 - Bankruptcy of transferor
- CHAPTER III - FLOATING CHARGE
- Article 928 - Concept
- Article 929 - Limits
- Article 930 - Rights of holder of floating charge
- Article 931 - Form and publicity
- Article 932 - Minimum content
- Article 933 - Clause forbidding transfer of goods object of floating charge
- Article 934 - Crystallization
- Article 935 - Grounds for crystallization
- Article 936 - Effect of crystallization
- Article 937 - Effect of floating charge over credits
- Article 938 - Impossibility to invoke acts of temporary or definitive transfer of the enterprise
- Article 939 - Effects of crystallization on other floating charges
- Article 940 - Priority
- Article 941 - Cancellation of crystallization
- CHAPTER IV - INDEPENDENT GUARANTEE
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 942 - Concept
- Article 943 - Modalities
- Article 944 - On whose request an independent guarantee is given
- Article 945 - Methods of discharge
- Article 946 - Guarantor-beneficiary
- Article 947 - Independent guarantee
- Article 948 - Form
- Article 949 - Irrevocability
- Article 950 - Amendments
- Article 951 - Transfer of beneficiary's right
- Article 952 - Assignment of right to collect payment
- Article 953 - Extinction of right to demand payment
- Article 954 - Lapse
- SECTION II - RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND DEFENSES
- Article 955 - Determination of rights and obligations
- Article 956 - General principle
- Article 957 - Demand
- Article 958 - Examination of demand and attached documents
- Article 959 - Payment
- Article 960 - Defenses
- Article 961 - Provisional court measures
- TITLE XVIII - INSURANCE CONTRACT
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 962 - Concept
- Article 963 - Applicable rules
- Article 964 - Imperative nature
- Article 965 - Subjects of the contract
- Article 966 - Formation and application of contract
- Article 967 - Evidence of contract
- Article 968 - Insurance policy: types
- Article 969 - Requirements of policy
- Article 970 - Interpretation of clauses of policy
- Article 971 - Contract concluded without powers of representation
- Article 972 - Insurance for account of a third party, or for account of whom it may concern
- Article 973 - Declaration of risk
- Article 974 - Omission or misrepresentation in bad faith of risk
- Article 975 - Omission or misrepresentation of the risk without bad faith
- Article 976 - Absence of risk
- Article 977 - Termination of risk
- Article 978 - Reduction of risk
- Article 979 - Increase of risk
- Article 980 - Omission or misrepresentation of risk increase
- Article 981 - Insurance in name of or for account of a third party
- Article 982 - Accidents intentionally caused
- Article 983 - Communication of accident
- Article 984 - Information on circumstances and consequences of accident
- Article 985 - Rescission of contract in case of accident
- Article 986 - Payment of premium
- Article 987 - Notice for payment of premium
- Article 988 - Lack of payment of premium
- Article 989 - Unpaid premiums or fractions
- Article 990 - Exclusion
- Article 991 - Obligation of insurer
- Article 992 - Duration of contract
- Article 993 - Limitation of actions
- Article 994 - Lapse
- CHAPTER II - INSURANCE AGAINST DAMAGE
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 995 - Insurable interest
- Article 996 - Defects of good insured
- Article 997 - Value of insured good
- Article 998 - Loss of profits
- Article 999 - Mandatory deductible
- Article 1000 - Insurance of a value lower than insurable value
- Article 1001 - Insurance for a value higher than insurable value
- Article 1002 - Insurance with more than one insurer
- Article 1003 - Elimination of double coverage
- Article 1004 - Co-insurance
- Article 1005 - Exclusion of certain risks
- Article 1006 - Obligation to salvage
- Article 1007 - Lack of salvage
- Article 1008 - Arbitration
- Article 1009 - Subrogation of insurer
- Article 1010 - Right of return against insurance holder
- Article 1011 - Bankruptcy or insolvency of insurance holder or of insured
- Article 1012 - Transfer of contract by transfer of insured good
- Article 1013 - Rescission of contract in case of transfer
- Article 1014 - Valid payment
- Article 1015 - Representation of insured
- Article 1016 - Transfer by reason of death
- Article 1017 - Extinction of insurance and certain categories of creditors
- SECTION II - FIRE INSURANCE
- Article 1018 - Scope of insurance
- Article 1019 - Object insured
- SECTION III - CREDIT INSURANCE
- Article 1020 - Credit insurance
- Article 1021 - Facts generating accident
- Article 1022 - Limits of coverage
- Article 1023 - Assessment of risk
- SECTION IV - CIVIL LIABILITY INSURANCE
- Article 1024 - Civil liability insurance
- Article 1025 - Judicial proceedings
- Article 1026 - Legitimacy of injured third person or respective heirs
- Article 1027 - Excess
- CHAPTER III - INSURANCE OF PERSONS
- SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 1028 - Risks
- Article 1029 - Insured capital
- Article 1030 - Subrogation
- SECTION II - LIFE INSURANCE
- Article 1031 - Types
- Article 1032 - Who can contract insurance
- Article 1033 - Reciprocal insurance
- Article 1034 - Insurance in favor of a third party
- Article 1035 - Revocation of designation of beneficiary
- Article 1036 - Renunciation of revocation
- Article 1037 - Interpretation of clause designating beneficiary
- Article 1038 - Non-disposability of benefit
- Article 1039 - Lapse of designation of beneficiary
- Article 1040 - Extinction of right of beneficiary
- Article 1041 - Declarations by insurance holder
- Article 1042 - Inaccurate statement of age of insured
- Article 1043 - Medical examination of insured
- Article 1044 - Increase of risk
- Article 1045 - Payment of premium
- Article 1046 - Forfeiture of right to performance by insurer
- Article 1047 - Suicide
- Article 1048 - Insured absent and not heard of
- Article 1049 - Reimbursement of amounts
- Article 1050 - Reduction and redemption
- Article 1051 - Exclusion of rights of reduction and redemption
- Article 1052 - Advances of performance of insurer
- Article 1053 - Pledge of the policy
- Article 1054 - Amounts due from insurer
- SECTION III - INSURANCE AGAINST PERSONAL ACCIDENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE
- Article 1055 - Reference
- Article 1056 - Accident
- Article 1057 - Exclusion of coverage of insurance
- Article 1058 - Obligations of insured
- Article 1059 - Health insurance
- CHAPTER IV - GROUP INSURANCE
- Article 1060 - Definition
- Article 1061 - Collection of payment from adherents
- Article 1062 - Exclusion of adherent
- Article 1063 - Information to adherent
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS
- TITLE I - NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS IN GENERAL
- CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 1064 - Freedom of issue
- Article 1065 - Bearer, order, and nominative instruments
- Article 1066 - Subscription of instrument by issuer
- Article 1067 - Signature by representative or upon request [a rogo]
- Article 1068 - Mention of object of performance. Discrepancy in indication of amount
- Article 1069 - Amount mentioned in installments
- Article 1070 - Stipulation of interest
- Article 1071 - Acquisition of credit by payee or by subsequent holders
- Article 1072 - Defenses invokable against holder
- Article 1073 - Causal instruments
- Article 1074 - Acquisition in good faith
- Article 1075 - Rescission of transfer
- Article 1076 - Performance by good faith debtor
- Article 1077 - Performance against delivery or mention and receipt
- Article 1078 - Instrument with obligation to pay sum of money
- Article 1079 - Transfer of accessory rights
- Article 1080 - Instruments representing merchandise
- Article 1081 - Liens or charges over right
- Article 1082 - Limits of usufruct and pledge over instruments with rights to aleatory utilities
- Article 1083 - Guarantees of underlying relation
- Article 1084 - Conversion
- Article 1085 - Renewal
- Article 1086 - Consolidation and division
- Article 1087 - Duplicates
- Article 1088 - Suspension of limitation of actions
- Article 1089 - Destruction of instrument
- Article 1090 - Extinction of right
- Article 1091 - Documents of legitimation and improper instruments
- Article 1092 - Special rules
- CHAPTER II - BEARER INSTRUMENTS
- Article 1093 - Transfer
- Article 1094 - Bearer interest coupons or analogous ones
- Article 1095 - Annulment
- Article 1096 - Prohibition of payment
- Article 1097 - Revocation of prohibition of payment
- Article 1098 - Payment in good faith
- Article 1099 - Rights of bearer before or after limitation of actions
- Article 1100 - Isolated coupons
- CHAPTER III - ORDER INSTRUMENTS
- Article 1101 - Subscription by various debtors
- Article 1102 - Identification of creditor
- Article 1103 - Methods of transfer
- Article 1104 - Form of endorsement
- Article 1105 - Conditional or partial endorsement
- Article 1106 - Effects of endorsement
- Article 1107 - Possibility for a bearer not formally legitimized to demand performance
- Article 1108 - Blank endorsement
- Article 1109 - Liability of endorser
- Article 1110 - Legitimation of bearer
- Article 1111 - Assignment
- Article 1112 - Assignment to endorsee
- Article 1113 - Partial assignment
- Article 1114 - Endorsement for collection or in procuration
- Article 1115 - Pledge
- Article 1116 - Blank instruments
- Article 1117 - Liability of debtor
- Article 1118 - Right to add clauses
- Article 1119 - Void instrument
- Article 1120 - Partial filling
- Article 1121 - Transfer of right to fill in
- Article 1122 - Obligation to fill in
- Article 1123 - Prohibition of payment
- Article 1124 - Annulment
- Article 1125 - Deterioration
- CHAPTER IV - NOMINATIVE INSTRUMENTS
- Article 1126 - Legitimation of bearer
- Article 1127 - Transfer
- Article 1128 - Endorsement
- Article 1129 - Applicability of paragraph 1 of article 1103
- Article 1130 - Liens and charges over credit
- Article 1131 - Usufruct
- Article 1132 - Pledge
- Article 1133 - Destruction, loss, or theft
- TITLE II - NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS IN SPECIAL
- CHAPTER I - BILL OF EXCHANGE
- SECTION I - ISSUE AND FORM OF BILL OF EXCHANGE
- Article 1134 - Requirements of bill of exchange
- Article 1135 - Lack of any requirement
- Article 1136 - Types of draw
- Article 1137 - Payment at domicile of third party
- Article 1138 - Stipulation of interest
- Article 1139 - Discrepancy in indication of sum payable
- Article 1140 - Independence of valid signatures
- Article 1141 - Representation without powers or with abuse of power
- Article 1142 - Liability of drawer
- Article 1143 - Breach of agreement to complete bill
- SECTION II - ENDORSEMENT
- Article 1144 - Methods of transfer
- Article 1145 - Types of endorsement
- Article 1146 - Form of endorsement
- Article 1147 - Effects of endorsement. Blank endorsement
- Article 1148 - Liability of endorser
- Article 1149 - Requirements of legitimacy of holder
- Article 1150 - Defenses that cannot be invoked against a holder
- Article 1151 - Endorsement in representation
- Article 1152 - Endorsement in guarantee
- Article 1153 - Endorsement after maturity
- SECTION III - ACCEPTANCE
- Article 1154 - Presentation for acceptance
- Article 1155 - Stipulations relating to acceptance
- Article 1156 - Time limit for presentation for acceptance
- Article 1157 - Second presentation for acceptance
- Article 1158 - How to express acceptance
- Article 1159 - Types of acceptance
- Article 1160 - Place of payment
- Article 1161 - Obligations of acceptor
- Article 1162 - Cancellation of an acceptance already given
- SECTION IV - 'AVAL'
- Article 1163 - Function of 'aval'
- Article 1164 - Form of 'aval'
- Article 1165 - Responsibility of giver of 'aval'
- SECTION V - MATURITY
- Article 1166 - Types of maturity
- Article 1167 - Maturity of a bill of exchange payable on sight
- Article 1168 - Maturity of a bill of exchange payable at a fixed period after sight
- Article 1169 - Maturity in other special cases
- Article 1170 - Maturity in case of different calendars
- SECTION VI - PAYMENT
- Article 1171 - Time limit for presentation for payment
- Article 1172 - Rights of drawee who pays. Partial payment
- Article 1173 - Payment before and on maturity
- Article 1174 - Currency in which payment should be made
- Article 1175 - Deposit
- SECTION VII - ACTION FOR NON-ACCEPTANCE AND NON-PAYMENT
- Article 1176 - Against whom action for payment can be initiated
- Article 1177 - Protest for non-acceptance or non-payment
- Article 1178 - Notice of non-acceptance or non-payment
- Article 1179 - Clause dispensing protest
- Article 1180 - Joint and several liability of signatories
- Article 1181 - Rights of holder against person proceeded against
- Article 1182 - Rights of who has paid
- Article 1183 - Return of bill of exchange and elimination of endorsements
- Article 1184 - Total payment in case of partial acceptance
- Article 1185 - Right of redraft
- Article 1186 - Extinction of right of recourse against signatories other than an acceptor
- Article 1187 - Extension of time limits due to force majeure
- SECTION VIII - INTERVENTION
- SUBSECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 1188 - Types of intervention
- SUBSECTION II - ACCEPTANCE BY INTERVENTION
- Article 1189 - Cases of acceptance by intervention. Consequences of naming an intervenor
- Article 1190 - How to draw up acceptance by intervention
- Article 1191 - Position of acceptor by intervention
- SUBSECTION III - PAYMENT BY INTERVENTION
- Article 1192 - Cases of payment by intervention
- Article 1193 - Presentation to intervenors and protest
- Article 1194 - Effect of refusal of payment by intervention
- Article 1195 - Evidence of payment by intervention
- Article 1196 - Rights of intervenor who pays. Preference among intervenors
- SECTION IX - PARTS OF A SET AND COPIES
- SUBSECTION I - PARTS OF A SET
- Article 1197 - Draw in various parts
- Article 1198 - Effect of payment of one part
- Article 1199 - Consequence of sending one part for acceptance
- SUBSECTION II - COPIES
- Article 1200 - Right to make copies
- Article 1201 - Legal status of copy
- SECTION X - AMENDMENTS
- Article 1202 - Consequences of amendment of text of a bill of exchange
- SECTION XI - LIMITATION OF ACTIONS
- Article 1203 - Time limits
- Article 1204 - Effect of interruption of period of limitation
- SECTION XII - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 1205 - Extension of time limits ending on a holiday
- Article 1206 - Counting of time limit
- Article 1207 - Inadmissibility of days of grace
- CHAPTER II - PROMISSORY NOTES
- Article 1208 - Requirements of promissory note
- Article 1209 - Lack of any requirement
- Article 1210 - Application of provisions relating to bills of exchange
- Article 1211 - Liability of maker. Promissory notes payable at a certain period after sight
- CHAPTER III - CHEQUE
- SECTION I - DRAWING AND FORM OF A CHEQUE
- Article 1212 - Requirements of cheque
- Article 1213 - Lack of any requirement
- Article 1214 - Funds available
- Article 1215 - Prohibition of acceptance
- Article 1216 - Types as to payee
- Article 1217 - Types of draw
- Article 1218 - Voidness of stipulation of interest
- Article 1219 - Cheque payable at domicile of a third party
- Article 1220 - Discrepancy of amount payable
- Article 1221 - Independence of valid signatures
- Article 1222 - Representation without powers or with abuse of power
- Article 1223 - Responsibility of drawer
- Article 1224 - Breach of agreement to complete cheque
- SECTION II - TRANSFER
- Article 1225 - Forms of transfer
- Article 1226 - Types of endorsement
- Article 1227 - Form of endorsement
- Article 1228 - Effects of endorsement. Blank endorsement
- Article 1229 - Liability of endorser
- Article 1230 - Requirements of legitimacy of bearer
- Article 1231 - Endorsement to bearer
- Article 1232 - Dispossession not invokable against legitimate bearer
- Article 1233 - Defenses not invokable against holder
- Article 1234 - Endorsement in procuration
- Article 1235 - Late endorsement
- SECTION III - 'AVAL'
- Article 1236 - Function of 'aval'
- Article 1237 - Form of 'aval'
- Article 1238 - Liability of giver of 'aval'
- SECTION IV - PRESENTATION AND PAYMENT
- Article 1239 - Payment on sight
- Article 1240 - Time limit for presentation for payment
- Article 1241 - Date of issue in case of discrepancy of calendars
- Article 1242 - Presentation to clearing house
- Article 1243 - Revocation of cheque
- Article 1244 - Death or incapacity of drawer
- Article 1245 - Right to return in case of payment
- Article 1246 - Obligation to verify regularity of series of endorsements
- Article 1247 - Currency in which payment should be made
- SECTION V - CROSSED CHEQUES AND CHEQUES PAYABLE IN ACCOUNT
- Article 1248 - Crossed cheque. Types of crossing
- Article 1249 - Payment of crossed cheque
- Article 1250 - Cheque payable in account
- SECTION VI - ACTION FOR NON-PAYMENT
- Article 1251 - Refusal of payment. Recourse for non-payment
- Article 1252 - Protest for non-payment
- Article 1253 - Notice of non-payment
- Article 1254 - Clause dispensing protest
- Article 1255 - Joint and several liability of signatories
- Article 1256 - Rights of holder against a person proceeded against
- Article 1257 - Rights of person who paid
- Article 1258 - Right to delivery of paid cheque
- Article 1259 - Extension of time limits in case of force majeure
- SECTION VII - PARTS OF A SET
- Article 1260 - Admissibility of various parts
- Article 1261 - Effect of payment of one part
- SECTION VIII - AMENDMENTS
- Article 1262 - Consequences of amendment of text
- SECTION IX - LIMITATION OF ACTIONS
- Article 1263 - Time limits
- Article 1264 - Effect of interruption of period of limitation
- SECTION X - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Article 1265 - Meaning of word banker
- Article 1266 - Extension of time limits ending on a legal holiday
- Article 1267 - Counting of time limit
- Article 1268 - Inadmissibility of days of grace
|
