鑑於中華人民共和國就一九八零年五月二十日訂於坎培拉的《南極海洋生物資源養護公約》(以下簡稱“公約”),於二零零六年九月十九日向澳大利亞外交與貿易部交存加入書;
又鑑於中華人民共和國於交存公約加入書時作出通知,公約適用於澳門特別行政區;
同時,根據公約第二十八條第二款的規定,公約自二零零六年十月十九日起在國際上對中華人民共和國生效,包括對澳門特別行政區生效;
行政長官根據澳門特別行政區第3/1999號法律第六條第一款的規定,命令公佈:
——中華人民共和國送交保管實體關於澳門特別行政區的通知書中、英文文本的適用部分及相應的葡文譯本;
——公約的英文正式文本及以該公約各正式文本為依據的中、葡文譯本。
二零零七年七月二日發佈。
行政長官 何厚鏵
二零零七年七月四日於行政長官辦公室
辦公室代主任 馮少榮
“中華人民共和國外交部向澳大利亞外交與貿易部致意,並謹交存中華人民共和國政府加入於一九八零年五月二十日在澳大利亞坎培拉制訂的《南極海洋生物資源養護公約》的加入書。
中華人民共和國外交部謹代表中華人民共和國政府陳述如下:
根據《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法》和《中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區基本法》,中華人民共和國政府決定,本公約適用於中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區;在另行通知之前,本公約暫不適用於中華人民共和國香港特別行政區。
(……)”
“The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China presents its compliments to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia, and has the honor to deposit the Instrument of Accession of the People’s Republic of China for the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources done in Canberra Australia on 20th May 1980 (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”).
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China has the honor to state, on behalf of the Government of the People’s Republic of China, the following:
In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, the Government of the People’s Republic of China decides that the Convention applies to the Macao Special Administrative Region, and unless otherwise notified, shall not apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.
(…)”
The Contracting Parties,
Recognising the importance of safeguarding the environment and protecting the integrity of the ecosystem of the seas surrounding Antarctica;
Noting the concentration of marine living resources found in Antarctic waters and the increased interest in the possibilities offered by the utilization of these resources as a source of protein;
Conscious of the urgency of ensuring the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources;
Considering that it is essential to increase knowledge of the Antarctic marine ecosystem and its components so as to be able to base decisions on harvesting on sound scientific information;
Believing that the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources calls for international co-operation with due regard for the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty and with the active involvement of all States engaged in research or harvesting activities in Antarctic waters;
Recognising the prime responsibilities of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties for the protection and preservation of the Antarctic environment and, in particular, their responsibilities under Article IX, paragraph 1(f) of the Antarctic Treaty in respect of the preservation and conservation of living resources in Antarctica;
Recalling the action already taken by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties including in particular the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, as well as the provisions of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals;
Bearing in mind the concern regarding the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources expressed by the Consultative Parties at the Ninth Consultative Meeting of the Antarctic Treaty and the importance of the provisions of Recommendation IX-2 which led to the establishment of the present Convention;
Believing that it is in the interest of all mankind to preserve the waters surrounding the Antarctic continent for peaceful purposes only and to prevent their becoming the scene or object of international discord;
Recognising, in the light of the foregoing, that it is desirable to establish suitable machinery for recommending, promoting, deciding upon and co-ordinating the measures and scientific studies needed to ensure the conservation of Antarctic marine living organisms;
Have agreed as follows:
1. This Convention applies to the Antarctic marine living resources of the area south of 60º South latitude and to the Antarctic marine living resources of the area between that latitude and the Antarctic Convergence which form part of the Antarctic marine ecosystem.
2. Antarctic marine living resources means the populations of fin fish, molluscs, crustaceans and all other species of living organisms, including birds, found south of the Antarctic Convergence.
3. The Antarctic marine ecosystem means the complex of relationships of Antarctic marine living resources with each other and with their physical environment.
4. The Antarctic Convergence shall be deemed to be a line joining the following points along parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude:
50ºS, 0º; 50ºS, 30ºE; 45ºS, 30ºE; 45ºS, 80ºE;
55ºS, 80ºE; 55ºS, 150ºE; 60ºS, 150ºE;
60ºS, 50ºW; 50ºS, 50ºW; 50ºS, 0º.
1. The objective of this Convention is the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources.
2. For the purposes of this Convention, the term “conservation” includes rational use.
3. Any harvesting and associated activities in the area to which this Convention applies shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and with the following principles of conservation:
(a) Prevention of decrease in the size of any harvested population to levels below those which ensure its stable recruitment. For this purpose its size should not be allowed to fall below a level close to that which ensures the greatest net annual increment;
(b) Maintenance of the ecological relationships between harvested, dependent and related populations of Antarctic marine living resources and the restoration of depleted populations to the levels defined in sub-paragraph (a) above; and
(c) prevention of changes or minimization of the risk of changes in the marine ecosystem which are not potentially reversible over two or three decades, taking into account the state of available knowledge of the direct and indirect impact of harvesting, the effect of the introduction of alien species, the effects of associated activities on the marine ecosystem and of the effects of environmental changes, with the aim of making possible the sustained conservation of Antarctic marine living resources.
The Contracting Parties, whether or not they are Parties to the Antarctic Treaty, agree that they will not engage in any activities in the Antarctic Treaty area contrary to the principles and purposes of that Treaty and that, in their relations with each other, they are bound by the obligations contained in articles I and V of the Antarctic Treaty.
1. With respect to the Antarctic Treaty area, all Contracting Parties, whether or not they are Parties to the Antarctic Treaty, are bound by articles IV and VI of the Antarctic Treaty in their relations with each other.
2. Nothing in this Convention and no acts or activities taking place while the present Convention is in force shall:
(a) Constitute a basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim to territorial sovereignty in the Antarctic Treaty area or create any rights of sovereignty in the Antarctic Treaty area;
(b) Be interpreted as a renunciation or diminution by any Contracting Party of, or as prejudicing, any right or claim or basis of claim to exercise coastal state jurisdiction under international law within the area to which this Convention applies;
(c) Be interpreted as prejudicing the position of any Contracting Party as regards its recognition or non-recognition of any such right, claim or basis of claim;
(d) Affect the provision of article IV, paragraph 2, of the Antarctic Treaty that no new claim, or enlargement of an existing claim, to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica shall be asserted while the Antarctic Treaty is in force.
1. The Contracting Parties which are not Parties to the Antarctic Treaty acknowledge the special obligations and responsibilities of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties for the protection and preservation of the environment of the Antarctic Treaty area.
2. The Contracting Parties which are not Parties to the Antarctic Treaty agree that, in their activities in the Antarctic Treaty area, they will observe as and when appropriate the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora and such other measures as have been recommended by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties in fulfilment of their responsibility for the protection of the Antarctic environment from all forms of harmful human interference.
3. For the purposes of this Convention, “Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties” means the Contracting Parties to the Antarctic Treaty whose Representatives participate in meetings under article IX of the Antarctic Treaty.
Nothing in this Convention shall derogate from the rights and obligations of Contracting Parties under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals.
1. The Contracting Parties hereby establish and agree to maintain the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (hereinafter referred to as “the Commission”).
2. Membership in the Commission shall be as follows:
(a) Each Contracting Party which participated in the meeting at which this Convention was adopted shall be a Member of the Commission;
(b) Each State Party which has acceded to this Convention pursuant to article XXIX shall be entitled to be a Member of the Commission during such time as that acceding Party is engaged in research or harvesting activities in relation to the marine living resources to which this Convention applies;
(c) Each regional economic integration organization which has acceded to this Convention pursuant to article XXIX shall be entitled to be a Member of the Commission during such time as its States members are so entitled;
(d) A Contracting Party seeking to participate in the work of the Commission pursuant to sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) above shall notify the Depositary of the basis upon which it seeks to become a Member of the Commission and of its willingness to accept conservation measures in force. The Depositary shall communicate to each Member of the Commission such notification and accompanying information. Within two months of receipt of such communication from the Depositary, any Member of the Commission may request that a special meeting of the Commission be held to consider the matter. Upon receipt of such request, the Depositary shall call such a meeting. If there is no request for a meeting, the Contracting Party submitting the notification shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements for Commission Membership.
3. Each Member of the Commission shall be represented by one representative who may be accompanied by alternate representatives and advisers.
The Commission shall have legal personality and shall enjoy in the territory of each of the States Parties such legal capacity as may be necessary to perform its function and achieve the purposes of this Convention. The privileges and immunities to be enjoyed by the Commission and its staff in the territory of a State Party shall be determined by agreement between the Commission and the State Party concerned.
1. The function of the Commission shall be to give effect to the objective and principles set out in article II of this Convention. To this end, it shall:
(a) Facilitate research into and comprehensive studies of Antarctic marine living resources and of the Antarctic marine ecosystem;
(b) Compile data on the status of and changes in population of Antarctic marine living resources and on factors affecting the distribution, abundance and productivity of harvested species and dependent or related species or populations;
(c) Ensure the acquisition of catch and effort statistics on harvested populations;
(d) Analyse, disseminate and publish the information referred to in sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) above and the reports of the Scientific Committee;
(e) Identify conservation needs and analyse the effectiveness of conservation measures;
(f) Formulate, adopt and revise conservation measures on the basis of the best scientific evidence available, subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of this article;
(g) Implement the system of observation and inspection established under article XXIV of this Convention;
(h) Carry out such other activities as are necessary to fulfil the objective of this Convention.
2. The conservation measures referred to in paragraph 1(f) above include the following:
(a) The designation of the quantity of any species which may be harvested in the area to which this Convention applies;
(b) The designation of regions and sub-regions based on the distribution of populations of Antarctic marine living resources;
(c) The designation of the quantity which may be harvested from the populations of regions and sub-regions;
(d) The designation of protected species;
(e) The designation of the size, age and, as appropriate, sex of species which may be harvested;
(f) The designation of open and closed seasons for harvesting;
(g) The designation of the opening and closing of areas, regions or sub-regions for purposes of scientific study or conservation, including special areas for protection and scientific study;
(h) Regulation of the effort employed and methods of harvesting, including fishing gear, with a view, inter alia, to avoiding undue concentration of harvesting in any region or sub-region;
(i) The taking of such other conservation measures as the Commission considers necessary for the fulfilment of the objective of this Convention, including measures concerning the effects of harvesting and associated activities on components of the marine ecosystem other than the harvested populations.
3. The Commission shall publish and maintain a record of all conservation measures in force.
4. In exercising its functions under paragraph 1 above, the Commission shall take full account of the recommendations and advice of the Scientific Committee.
5. The Commission shall take full account of any relevant measures or regulations established or recommended by the Consultative Meetings pursuant to article IX of the Antarctic Treaty or by existing fisheries commissions responsible for species which may enter the area to which this Convention applies, in order that there shall be no inconsistency between the rights and obligations of a Contracting Party under such regulations or measures and conservation measures which may be adopted by the Commission.
6. Conservation measures adopted by the Commission in accordance with this Convention shall be implemented by Members of the Commission in the following manner:
(a) The Commission shall notify conservation measures to all Members of the Commission;
(b) Conservation measures shall become binding upon all Members of the Commission 180 days after such notification, except as provided in subparagraphs (c) and (d) below;
(c) If a Member of the Commission, within ninety days following the notification specified in sub-paragraph (a), notifies the Commission that it is unable to accept the conservation measure, in whole or in part, the measure shall not, to the extent stated, be binding upon that Member of the Commission;
(d) In the event that any Member of the Commission invokes the procedure set forth in sub-paragraph (c) above, the Commission shall meet at the request of any Member of the Commission to review the conservation measure. At the time of such meeting and within thirty days following the meeting, any Member of the Commission shall have the right to declare that it is no longer able to accept the conservation measure, in which case the Member shall no longer be bound by such a measure.
1. The Commission shall draw the attention of any State which is not a Party to this Convention to any activity undertaken by its nationals or vessels which, in the opinion of the Commission, affects the implementation of the objective of this Convention.
2. The Commission shall draw the attention of all Contracting Parties to any activity which, in the opinion of the Commission, affects the implementation by a Contracting Party of the objective of this Convention or the compliance by that Contracting Party with its obligations under this Convention.
The Commission shall seek to co-operate with Contracting Parties which may exercise jurisdiction in marine areas adjacent to the area to which this Convention applies in respect of the conservation of any stock or stocks of associated species which occur both within those areas and the area to which this Convention applies, with a view to harmonizing the conservation measures adopted in respect of such stocks.
1. Decisions of the Commission on matters of substance shall be taken by consensus. The question of whether a matter is one of substance shall be treated as a matter of substance.
2. Decisions on matters other than those referred to in paragraph 1 above shall be taken by a simple majority of the Members of the Commission present and voting.
3. In Commission consideration of any item requiring a decision, it shall be made clear whether a regional economic integration organization will participate in the taking of the decision and, if so, whether any of its Member States will also participate. The number of Contracting Parties so participating shall not exceed the number of Member States of the regional economic integration organization which are Members of the Commission.
4. In the taking of decisions pursuant to this Article, a regional economic integration organization shall have only one vote.
1. The headquarters of the Commission shall be established at Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
2. The Commission shall hold a regular annual meeting. Other meetings shall also be held at the request of one-third of its Members and as otherwise provided in this Convention. The first meeting of the Commission shall be held within three months of the entry into force of this Convention, provided that among the Contracting Parties there are at least two States conducting harvesting activities within the area to which this Convention applies. The first meeting shall, in any event, be held within one year of the entry into force of this Convention. The Depositary shall consult with the signatory States regarding the first Commission meeting, taking into account that a broad representation of such States is necessary for the effective operation of the Commission.
3. The Depositary shall convene the first meeting of the Commission at the headquarters of the Commission. Thereafter, meetings of the Commission shall be held at its headquarters, unless it decides otherwise.
4. The Commission shall elect from among its Members a Chairman and Vice-Chairman, each of whom shall serve for a term of two years and shall be eligible for reelection for one additional term. The first Chairman shall, however, be elected for an initial term of three years. The Chairman and Vice-Chairman shall not be representatives of the same Contracting Party.
5. The Commission shall adopt and amend as necessary the rules of procedure for the conduct of its meetings, except with respect to the matters dealt with in article XII of this Convention.
6. The Commission may establish such subsidiary bodies as are necessary for the performance of its functions.
1. The Contracting Parties hereby establish the Scientific Committee for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (hereinafter referred to as “the Scientific Committee”) which shall be a consultative body to the Commission. The Scientific Committee shall normally meet at the headquarters of the Commission unless the Scientific Committee decides otherwise.
2. Each Member of the Commission shall be a Member of the Scientific Committee and shall appoint a representative with suitable scientific qualifications who may be accompanied by other experts and advisers.
3. The Scientific Committee may seek the advice of other scientists and experts as may be required on an ad hoc basis.
1. The Scientific Committee shall provide a forum for consultation and co-operation concerning the collection, study and exchange of information with respect to the marine living resources to which this Convention applies. It shall encourage and promote cooperation in the field of scientific research in order to extend knowledge of the marine living resources of the Antarctic marine ecosystem.
2. The Scientific Committee shall conduct such activities as the Commission may direct in pursuance of the objective of this Convention and shall:
(a) Establish criteria and methods to be used for determinations concerning the conservation measures referred to in article IX of this Convention;
(b) Regularly assess the status and trends of the populations of Antarctic marine living resources;
(c) Analyse data concerning the direct and indirect effects of harvesting on the populations of Antarctic marine living resources;
(d) Assess the effects of proposed changes in the methods or levels of harvesting and proposed conservation measures;
(e) Transmit assessments, analyses, reports and recommendations to the Commission as requested or on its own initiative regarding measures and research to implement the objective of this Convention;
(f) Formulate proposals for the conduct of international and national programs of research into Antarctic marine living resources.
3. In carrying out its functions, the Scientific Committee shall have regard to the work of other relevant technical and scientific organizations and to the scientific activities conducted within the framework of the Antarctic Treaty.
1. The first meeting of the Scientific Committee shall be held within three months of the first meeting of the Commission. The Scientific Committee shall meet thereafter as often as may be necessary to fulfil its functions.
2. The Scientific Committee shall adopt and amend as necessary its rules of procedure. The rules and any amendments thereto shall be approved by the Commission. The rules shall include procedures for the presentation of minority reports.
3. The Scientific Committee may establish, with the approval of the Commission, such subsidiary bodies as are necessary for the performance of its functions.
1. The Commission shall appoint an Executive Secretary to serve the Commission and Scientific Committee according to such procedures and on such terms and conditions as the Commission may determine. His term of office shall be for four years and he shall be eligible for re-appointment.
2. The Commission shall authorize such staff establishment for the Secretariat as may be necessary and the Executive Secretary shall appoint, direct and supervise such staff according to such rules, and procedures and on such terms and conditions as the Commission may determine.
3. The Executive Secretary and Secretariat shall perform the functions entrusted to them by the Commission.
The official languages of the Commission and of the Scientific Committee shall be English, French, Russian and Spanish.
1. At each annual meeting, the Commission shall adopt by consensus its budget and the budget of the Scientific Committee.
2. A draft budget for the Commission and the Scientific Committee and any subsidiary bodies shall be prepared by the Executive Secretary and submitted to the Members of the Commission at least sixty days before the annual meeting of the Commission.
3. Each Member of the Commission shall contribute to the budget. Until the expiration of five years after the entry into force of this Convention, the contribution of each Member of the Commission shall be equal. Thereafter the contribution shall be determined in accordance with two criteria: the amount harvested and an equal sharing among all Members of the Commission. The Commission shall determine by consensus the proportion in which these two criteria shall apply.
4. The financial activities of the Commission and Scientific Committee shall be conducted in accordance with financial regulations adopted by the Commission and shall be subject to an annual audit by external auditors selected by the Commission.
5. Each Member of the Commission shall meet its own expenses arising from the attendance at meetings of the Commission and of the Scientific Committee.
6. A Member of the Commission that fails to pay its contributions for two consecutive years shall not, during the period of its default, have the right to participate in the taking of decisions in the Commission.
1. The Members of the Commission shall, to the greatest extent possible, provide annually to the Commission and to the Scientific Committee such statistical, biological and other data and information as the Commission and Scientific Committee may require in the exercise of their functions.
2. The Members of the Commission shall provide, in the manner and at such intervals as may be prescribed, information about their harvesting activities, including fishing areas and vessels, so as to enable reliable catch and effort statistics to be compiled.
3. The Members of the Commission shall provide to the Commission at such intervals as may be prescribed information on steps taken to implement the conservation measures adopted by the Commission.
4. The Members of the Commission agree that in any of their harvesting activities, advantage shall be taken of opportunities to collect data needed to assess the impact of harvesting.
1. Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate measures within its competence to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Convention and with conservation measures adopted by the Commission to which the Party is bound in accordance with article IX of this Convention.
2. Each Contracting Party shall transmit to the Commission information on measures taken pursuant to paragraph 1 above, including the imposition of sanctions for any violation.
1. Each Contracting Party undertakes to exert appropriate efforts, consistent with the Charter of the United Nations, to the end that no one engages in any activity contrary to the objective of this Convention.
2. Each Contracting Party shall notify the Commission of any such activity which comes to its attention.
1. The Commission and the Scientific Committee shall co-operate with the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties on matters falling within the competence of the latter.
2. The Commission and the Scientific Committee shall co-operate, as appropriate, with the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations and with other Specialised Agencies.
3. The Commission and the Scientific Committee shall seek to develop co-operative working relationships, as appropriate, with inter-governmental and nongovernmental organizations which could contribute to their work, including the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research and the International Whaling Commission.
4. The Commission may enter into agreements with the organizations referred to in this Article and with other organizations as may be appropriate. The Commission and the Scientific Committee may invite such organizations to send observers to their meetings and to meetings of their subsidiary bodies.
1. In order to promote the objective and ensure observance of the provisions of this Convention, the Contracting Parties agree that a system of observation and inspection shall be established.
2. The system of observation and inspection shall be elaborated by the Commission on the basis of the following principles:
(a) Contracting Parties shall co-operate with each other to ensure the effective implementation of the system of observation and inspection, taking account of the existing international practice. This system shall include, inter alia, procedures for boarding and inspection by observers and inspectors designated by the Members of the Commission and procedures for flag state prosecution and sanctions on the basis of evidence resulting from such boarding and inspections. A report of such prosecutions and sanctions imposed shall be included in the information referred to in Article XXI of this Convention;
(b) In order to verify compliance with measures adopted under this Convention, observation and inspection shall be carried out on board vessels engaged in scientific research or harvesting of marine living resources in the area to which this Convention applies, through observers and inspectors designated by the Members of the Commission and operating under terms and conditions to be established by the Commission;
(c) Designated observers and inspectors shall remain subject to the jurisdiction of the Contracting Party of which they are nationals. They shall report to the Member of the Commission by which they have been designated which in turn shall report to the Commission.
3. Pending the establishment of the system of observation and inspection, the Members of the Commission shall seek to establish interim arrangements to designate observers and inspectors and such designated observers and inspectors shall be entitled to carry out inspections in accordance with the principles set out in paragraph 2 above.
1. If any dispute arises between two or more of the Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, those Contracting Parties shall consult among themselves with a view to having the dispute resolved by negotiation, inquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement or other peaceful means of their own choice.
2. Any dispute of this character not so resolved shall, with the consent in each case of all Parties to the dispute, be referred for settlement to the International Court of Justice or to arbitration; but failure to reach agreement on reference to the International Court or to arbitration shall not absolve Parties to the dispute from the responsibility of continuing to seek to resolve it by any of the various peaceful means referred to in paragraph 1 above.
3. In cases where the dispute is referred to arbitration, the arbitral tribunal shall be constituted as provided in the Annex to this Convention.
1. This Convention shall be open for signature at Canberra from 1 August to 31 December 1980 by the States participating in the Conference on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources held at Canberra from 7 to 20 May 1980.
2. The States which so sign will be the original signatory States of the Convention.
1. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by signatory States.
2. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Government of Australia, hereby designated as the Depositary.
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of deposit of the eighth instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval by States referred to in paragraph 1 of article XXVI of this Convention.
2. With respect to each State or regional economic integration organization which subsequent to the date of entry into force of this Convention deposits an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following such deposit.
1. This Convention shall be open for accession by any State interested in research or harvesting activities in relation to the marine living resources to which this Convention applies.
2. This Convention shall be open for accession by regional economic integration organizations constituted by sovereign States which include among their members one or more States Members of the Commission and to which the States members of the organization have transferred, in whole or in part, competences with regard to the matters covered by this Convention. The accession of such regional economic integration organizations shall be the subject of consultations among Members of the Commission.
1. This Convention may be amended at any time.
2. If one-third of the Members of the Commission request a meeting to discuss a proposed amendment the Depositary shall call such a meeting.
3. An amendment shall enter into force when the Depositary has received instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval thereof from all the Members of the Commission.
4. Such amendment shall thereafter enter into force as to any other Contracting Party when notice of ratification, acceptance or approval by it has been received by the Depositary. Any such Contracting Party from which no such notice has been received within a period of one year from the date of entry into force of the amendment in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall be deemed to have withdrawn from this Convention.
1. Any Contracting Party may withdraw from this Convention on 30 June of any year, by giving written notice not later than 1 January of the same year to the Depositary, which, upon receipt of such a notice, shall communicate it forthwith to the other Contracting Parties.
2. Any other Contracting Party may, within sixty days of the receipt of a copy of such a notice from the Depositary, give written notice of withdrawal to the Depositary in which case the Convention shall cease to be in force on 30 June of the same year with respect to the Contracting Party giving such notice.
3. Withdrawal from this Convention by any Member of the Commission shall not affect its financial obligations under this Convention.
The Depositary shall notify all Contracting Parties of the following:
(a) Signatures of this Convention and the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;
(b) The date of entry into force of this Convention and of any amendment thereto.
1. This Convention, of which the English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Government of Australia which shall transmit duly certified copies thereof to all signatory and acceding Parties.
2. This Convention shall be registered by the Depositary pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
Drawn up at Canberra this twentieth day of May 1980.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized, have signed this Convention.
1. The arbitral tribunal referred to in paragraph 3 of Article XXV shall be composed of three arbitrators who shall be appointed as follows:
(a) The Party commencing proceedings shall communicate the name of an arbitrator to the other Party which, in turn, within a period of forty days following such notification, shall communicate the name of the second arbitrator. The Parties shall, within a period of sixty days following the appointment of the second arbitrator, appoint the third arbitrator, who shall not be a national of either Party and shall not be of the same nationality as either of the first two arbitrators. The third arbitrator shall preside over the tribunal;
(b) If the second arbitrator has not been appointed within the prescribed period, or if the Parties have not reached agreement within the prescribed period on the appointment of the third arbitrator, that arbitrator shall be appointed, at the request of either Party, by the Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, from among persons of international standing not having the nationality of a State which is a Party to this Convention.
2. The arbitral tribunal shall decide where its headquarters will be located and shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
3. The award of the arbitral tribunal shall be made by a majority of its members, who may not abstain from voting.
4. Any Contracting Party which is not a Party to the dispute may intervene in the proceedings with the consent of the arbitral tribunal.
5. The award of the arbitral tribunal shall be final and binding on all Parties to the dispute and on any Party which intervenes in the proceedings and shall be complied with without delay. The arbitral tribunal shall interpret the award at the request of one of the Parties to the dispute or of any intervening Party.
6. Unless the arbitral tribunal determines otherwise because of the particular circumstances of the case, the expenses of the tribunal, including the remuneration of its members, shall be borne by the Parties to the dispute in equal shares.
各締約方:
承認保護南極周圍海域環境和生態系統完整性的重要意義;
注意到在南極水域中發現的海洋生物資源的集中度,以及對利用這些資源作為蛋白源的可能性的興趣日益增加;
意識到保證養護南極海洋生物資源的迫切性;
考慮到必須加強對南極海洋生態系統及其組成部分的了解,以便能夠根據可靠的科學信息作出捕撈決定;
相信保護海洋生物資源需要國際合作,而這種國際合作應適當考慮《南極條約》的規定,並有在南極水域從事研究和捕撈活動的所有國家的積極參與;
認識到《南極條約》協商國在保護南極環境,特別是根據《南極條約》第九條第一款第(己)項在保護和養護南極生物資源方面所負的主要責任;
憶及《南極條約》協商國業已採取的行動,特別是《南極動植物保護議定措施》及《南極海豹保護公約》的規定;
銘記協商國在第九次《南極條約》協商會議上對南極海洋生物資源養護所表示的關切和導致產生本公約的第九次《南極條約》協商會議第二項建議中各條款的重要性;
相信確保南極大陸周圍水域僅用於和平目的,避免使其成為國際紛爭的場所和目標,符合全人類的利益;
認識到鑒於上述考慮有必要建立適當的機制,以推薦、促進、決定和協調為養護南極海洋生物所必要的措施及科學研究;
協議如下:
一、本公約適用於南緯60度以南和該緯度與構成南極海洋生態系統一部分的南極幅合帶之間區域的南極海洋生物資源。
二、南極海洋生物資源意指南極幅合帶以南水域的魚類、軟體動物、甲殼動物和包括鳥類在內的所有其他生物種類。
三、南極海洋生態系統係指南極海洋生物資源相互間以及其與自然環境之間的複合關係。
四、南極幅合帶應被視為連接下列經緯線各點的一條水域帶:
50ºS,0º;50ºS,30ºE;45ºS,30ºE;45ºS,80ºE;55ºS,80ºE;55ºS,150ºE;60ºS,150ºE;60ºS,50ºW;50ºS,50ºW;50ºS,0º。
一、本公約之目的是養護南極海洋生物資源。
二、為本公約的目的,“養護”一詞包括合理利用。
三、在本公約適用區內的任何捕撈及有關活動,都應根據本公約規定和下述養護原則進行:
(一)防止任何被捕撈種群的數量低於能保證其穩定補充的水平,為此,其數量不應低於接近能保證年最大淨增量的水平;
(二)維護南極海洋生物資源中被捕撈種群數量、從屬種群數量和相關種群數量之間的生態關係;使枯竭種群恢復到本款第(一)項規定的水平;
(三)考慮到目前捕撈對海洋生態系統的直接和間接影響、引進外來物種的影響、有關活動的影響、以及環境變化的影響方面的現有知識,要防止在近二三十年內南極海洋生態系統發生不可逆轉的變化或減少這種變化的風險,以可持續養護南極海洋生物資源。
各締約方,不論其是否為《南極條約》締約國,同意不在《南極條約》地區內從事任何違背《南極條約》原則和目的的活動,並同意其相互關係受《南極條約》第一條和第五條所規定的義務的約束。
一、各締約方,不論其是否為《南極條約》締約國,在《南極條約》地區,其相互關係受《南極條約》第四條和第六條的約束。
二、本公約任何條款,以及在本公約有效期內發生的任何行為或活動都不得:
(一)構成主張、支持或否認《南極條約》地區內領土主權要求的基礎,或在《南極條約》地區創設任何主權權利;
(二)解釋為任何締約方在本公約適用區內放棄、削弱或損害根據國際法行使沿海國管轄權的任何權利、主張或這種主張的依據;
(三)解釋為損害任何締約方承認或不承認這種權利、主張或主張的依據的立場;
(四)影響《南極條約》第四條第二款關於在《南極條約》有效期內不得對南極提出任何新的領土主權要求或擴大現有要求的規定。
一、非《南極條約》締約國的本公約締約方,承認《南極條約》協商國對保護和養護《南極條約》地區的環境負有的特別義務和責任。
二、非《南極條約》締約國的本公約締約方,同意他們在《南極條約》地區的活動將適當遵守《南極動植物養護議定措施》和《南極條約》協商國為履行其保護南極環境免受人類各種有害干擾的職責而建議的其他措施。
三、為本公約目的,“《南極條約》協商國”係指派代表參加《南極條約》第九條規定的會議的《南極條約》締約國。
本公約的任何條款,都無損於《國際捕鯨公約》和《南極海豹保護公約》賦予締約方的權利和義務。
一、各締約方特此設立南極海洋生物資源養護委員會(以下簡稱委員會)。
二、委員會成員資格如下:
(一)參加通過本公約會議的各締約方,都應成為委員會的成員;
(二)根據本公約第二十九條加入本公約的每一個國家,若從事了本公約適用的海洋生物資源的研究或捕撈活動,應有資格成為委員會成員;
(三)根據本公約第二十九條加入本公約的任何區域經濟一體化組織,如其成員國有資格成為委員會成員,其應有資格成為委員會成員;
(四)依照本款第(二)項和第(三)項請求參加委員會工作的締約方,應將其請求成為委員會成員的依據和接受現行養護措施的意願通知公約保存國。保存國應將該通知及附帶信息分送委員會各成員。委員會任何成員自收到保存國來文後2個月內,可要求召開委員會特別會議討論這一問題。保存國收到此要求後,應召開特別會議。如果沒有提出召開特別會議的要求,提交該通知的締約方應被視為已滿足委員會成員的資格要求。
三、委員會的每個成員可派一名代表、數名副代表和顧問。
委員會具有法人資格,並在各締約方境內享有為履行其職責和實現本公約目的所必需的法律權力。委員會及其工作人員在一個締約方境內享有的特權和豁免,應根據委員會與有關締約方之間的協議確定。
一、委員會的職責是實現本公約第二條規定的目的和原則,為此,委員會應:
(一)促進對南極海洋生物資源和南極海洋生態系統的廣泛調查研究;
(二)彙編南極海洋生物資源種群現狀和變化以及影響被捕撈種類、從屬或相關種類或種群之分佈、集中度和生產力諸要素的資料;
(三)確保獲得被捕撈種群的捕獲量和努力量的統計數字;
(四)分析、分發和出版本款第(二)項和第(三)項所指信息和科學委員會的報告;
(五)確定養護需求,並分析養護措施的有效性;
(六)根據本條第五款的規定,以現有的最佳科學論證為依據,制定、通過和修訂養護措施;
(七)執行依據本公約第二十四條確立的觀察和檢查制度;
(八)開展為實現本公約的目的所必要的其他活動。
二、本條第一款第(六)項提到的養護措施包括:
(一)確定公約適用區內任何被捕撈種類的可捕量;
(二)根據南極海洋生物資源的種群分佈情況,確定區域或次區域;
(三)確定區域或次區域中種群的可捕量;
(四)確定受保護的種類;
(五)確定可捕撈種類的大小、年齡並在適當時確定性別;
(六)確定捕撈季節和禁捕季節;
(七)為科學研究或養護目的確定捕撈和禁捕地區、區域或次區域,包括用於保護和科學研究的特別區域;
(八)為避免在任何區域或次區域出現不適當的集中捕撈,規定使用的捕撈努力量和捕撈方式,包括漁具;
(九)採取委員會認為實現本公約目的所必要的其他養護措施,包括關於捕撈和相關活動對海洋生態系統中被捕撈種群以外的其他成分的影響的措施。
三、委員會應出版和保存所有現行養護措施的記錄。
四、委員會在行使本條第一款規定的職能時應充分考慮科學委員會的建議和意見。
五、委員會應充分考慮根據《南極條約》第九條舉行的協商會議或負責可能進入本公約適用區內之物種的漁業委員會制定或建議的任何有關措施或規定,以避免締約方在這些規定或措施的權利和義務方面與委員會可能通過的養護措施之間出現不一致。
六、委員會根據本公約通過的養護措施,將由委員會成員按下列方式實施:
(一)委員會應將養護措施通知委員會所有成員;
(二)除本款第(三)項和第(四)項的規定之外,養護措施將在通知之後第180天起對委員會所有成員生效;
(三)如果委員會成員在收到本款第(一)項所述的通知之後90天內通知委員會,聲明不能全部或部分接受該養護措施,則聲明所指部分對該成員無效;
(四)如果委員會的任何成員對根據本款第(三)項提出的程序有異議,委員會可以應任一成員的要求開會審議該養護措施。在會議期間以及會後的30天內,委員會的任何成員都有權宣佈不再接受該養護措施,在這種情況下,該成員不再受該養護措施的約束。
一、如果委員會認為某一非締約方國家的國民或船隻從事的任何活動,影響了本公約目標的實施,委員會應提請該國注意。
二、如果委員會認為任何活動影響了某個締約方實施本公約目標或履行本公約義務,委員會應提請所有締約方注意。
對於在公約適用區和毗鄰海區內同時存在的任何種群或相關種群的保護問題,委員會應尋求與可對毗鄰海區行使管轄權的締約方合作,以協調對這些種群的養護措施。
一、委員會對實質性事項的決定應在協商一致的基礎上作出,一個問題是否具有實質性質,應當按實質性事項來對待。
二、對第一款之外其他事項的決定,應由出席會議並參加投票的委員會成員以簡單多數的方式通過。
三、委員會對需要表決的任何事項進行審議時,應當明確區域經濟一體化組織是否參加表決,如果參加表決,其成員是否也參加表決。參加表決的締約方數目不應超過該區域經濟一體化組織在委員會中的成員數目。
四、在根據本條進行表決時,一個區域經濟一體化組織應只有一票表決權。
一、委員會總部設在澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞的霍巴特。
二、委員會應舉行例行年會。經1/3成員要求,或本公約另有規定,亦可召開其他會議。如果締約方中有兩個以上國家在公約適用區內進行了捕撈活動,則委員會首次會議應在本公約生效後三個月內舉行。但無論如何,首次會議應在公約生效後一年內舉行。考慮到簽署國的廣泛代表性對委員會的有效運作是必要的,保存國應同簽署國就首次會議進行協商。
三、保存國應在委員會總部召開首次會議,除非委員會另有決定,以後各次會議均應在委員會總部舉行。
四、委員會應從其成員中選舉主席和副主席各一名,任期兩年,並可連選連任一屆。但首任主席的首屆任期為三年,主席和副主席不應是同一締約方的代表。
五、委員會應制定並在必要時修改會議議事規則,但本公約第十二條規定的事項除外。
六、委員會可根據履行其職責的需要建立必要的附屬機構。
一、締約方特此建立南極海洋生物資源養護科學委員會(以下簡稱科學委員會)作為委員會的諮詢機構。除另有決定外,科學委員會會議一般應在委員會總部舉行。
二、委員會的每一成員均是科學委員會的成員,並均可指定具有適當科學資格的一名代表和數名專家、顧問。
三、根據特別需要,科學委員會可以徵求其他科學家和專家的意見。
一、在收集、研究和交換公約所適用的海洋生物資源的信息方面,科學委員會應提供一個協商和合作的論壇。為擴大對南極海洋生態系統中海洋生物資源的了解,科學委員會應鼓勵並促進科學研究領域的合作。
二、科學委員會應按委員會根據本公約目的而給予的指示開展活動,並應:
(一)制定用於確定本公約第九條所述的養護措施的標準和方法;
(二)定期評估南極海洋生物資源種群的現狀和趨勢;
(三)分析捕撈對南極海洋生物資源種群的直接與間接影響的數據;
(四)對改變捕獲方法或捕獲水平的建議以及養護措施的建議的影響進行評估;
(五)按要求或主動向委員會提交對實施本公約目的的措施和研究進行的評估、分析、報告和建議;
(六)為實施國際或國家南極海洋生物資源研究規劃提出建議。
三、在行使其職能的過程中,科學委員會應考慮到其他有關科學技術組織的工作和《南極條約》框架內進行的科學活動。
一、科學委員會的首次會議,應在委員會首次會議之後的3個月內舉行。其後,科學委員會可根據其履行職能的需要經常舉行會議。
二、科學委員會應通過並根據需要修改議事規則。議事規則及其任何修正案,應由委員會批准。議事規則中應包括少數成員提出報告的程序。
三、經委員會批准,科學委員會可根據履行其職能的需要建立必要的附屬機構。
一、委員會應根據其確定的程序、條款和條件,任命一名執行秘書,為委員會和科學委員會服務。執行秘書的任期為4年,可以連任。
二、委員會應根據需要確定秘書處工作人員的編制,執行秘書應根據委員會確定的有關規則、程序、條款和條件,任命、指導和監督上述工作人員。
三、執行秘書和秘書處應行使委員會委託的職能。
委員會和科學委員會的正式語言為英語、法語、俄語和西班牙語。
一、在每次年會上,委員會應以協商一致方式通過委員會和科學委員會預算。
二、委員會、科學委員會及任何附屬機構的預算草案,應由執行秘書制定,並至少在委員會年會召開前60天提交委員會各成員。
三、委員會各成員均應為預算繳款。在本公約生效後的5年內,委員會各成員的繳款應均等。其後,繳款將根據捕撈量和委員會各成員均攤這兩條標準決定。委員會應按照協商一致的方式決定兩條標準的適用比例。
四、委員會和科學委員會的財務活動應根據委員會通過的財務條例進行,並由委員會遴選的外聘審計員進行年度審計。
五、出席委員會和科學委員會會議的費用由委員會各成員自行負擔。
六、如果委員會的一個成員連續2年不繳款,那麼在違約期間,無權參加委員會的表決。
一、委員會成員應儘其最大可能每年向委員會和科學委員會提供兩委員會為行使職能所需要的統計、生物學及其他數據和信息。
二、委員會成員應按規定的方式和時間間隔提交包括捕撈區域和捕撈船舶在內的捕撈信息,以便彙編可靠的捕撈量和努力量統計數據。
三、委員會成員應按規定的時間間隔,向委員會提供為落實委員會通過的養護措施而採取的步驟。
四、委員會成員同意,在其一切捕撈活動中,應利用機會收集評估捕撈影響所需的數據。
一、各締約方應儘其所能,採取適當措施,確保遵守本公約規定和委員會通過的根據本公約第九條對各成員有約束力的各項養護措施。
二、締約方應將根據本條第一款制定的措施,包括對任何違約行動的制裁措施,通報委員會。
一、在遵守《聯合國憲章》的前提下,各締約方應盡力杜絕任何違背公約目的的活動。
二、各締約方應將其知悉的任何此種活動通報委員會。
一、在屬於《南極條約》協商國職權範圍內的事項上,委員會和科學委員會應與之合作。
二、委員會和科學委員會應酌情與聯合國糧農組織及其他專門機構合作。
三、委員會和科學委員會應酌情尋求同能促進其工作的政府間和非政府組織發展合作工作關係。這些組織包括:南極研究科學委員會、海洋研究科學委員會和國際捕鯨委員會。
四、委員會可與本條提及的組織和其他適當組織達成協議。委員會和科學委員會可邀請這些組織派觀察員出席其會議及其附屬機構的會議。
一、為促進本公約目的並確保本公約條款得以遵守,締約方同意建立觀察和檢查制度。
二、觀察和檢查制度應由委員會按下列原則確立:
(一)考慮到現行國際慣例,締約方之間應彼此合作,確保觀察和檢查制度的有效實施。該制度中特別應包括委員會成員指派的觀察員和檢查員登臨檢查的程序以及船旗國根據登臨檢查獲得的證據進行起訴和制裁的程序。進行這種起訴和制裁的報告,應包括在本公約第二十一條所述的通報內容中;
(二)為檢查依據本公約制定的措施的遵守情況,委員會成員指派的觀察員和檢查員應按照委員會制定的條款和條件,在公約適用區內從事海洋生物資源科學研究或捕撈的船舶上進行觀察和檢查;
(三)指派的觀察員和檢查員須受其所屬締約方的管轄。他們應向指派他們的委員會成員報告,並由該委員會成員向委員會報告。
三、在建立觀察和檢查制度之前,委員會成員應尋求建立指派觀察員和檢查員的臨時安排,臨時指派的觀察員和檢查員,有權按本條第二款原則進行檢查。
一、如果兩個或兩個以上締約方之間就本公約的解釋或適用發生爭端,這些締約方應在其內部進行協商,以便通過談判、調查、調停、調解、仲裁、司法解決或他們自行選擇的其他和平方式加以解決。
二、不能如此解決的任何此類性質的爭端,應經爭端各方同意後提交國際法院或交付仲裁解決;但如果不能就提交國際法院或交付仲裁達成協議,爭端各當事方有責任繼續通過本條第一款所述的各種和平方式尋求解決。
三、在爭端交付仲裁的情況下,應按本公約附件的規定組成仲裁法庭。
一、本公約自1980年8月1日至12月31日在坎培拉對參加1980年5月7日至20日在坎培拉召開的南極海洋生物資源養護會議的國家開放簽署。
二、上述簽署國家為公約原始簽署國。
一、本公約須經簽署國的批准、接受或核准。
二、批准書、接受書或核准書應存放於澳大利亞政府,茲指定該政府為公約保管機關。
一、本公約應在第二十六條第一款所述國家交存了第八份批准書、接受書或核准書之日後第30天起生效。
二、對於在本公約生效以後交存批准書、接受書、核准書或加入書的國家和區域經濟一體化組織,本公約應在其交存之日後第30天起生效。
一、本公約應向對本公約適用的海洋生物資源的研究或捕撈活動感興趣的任何國家開放,供其加入。
二、本公約對由主權國家組成的其成員國包括一個或幾個委員會成員且其成員國已向其全部或部分地讓渡了本公約所涵蓋問題的職能的區域經濟一體化組織開放。此類區域經濟一體化組織加入本公約須經委員會成員協商決定。
一、本公約可隨時修正。
二、如果委員會1/3成員要求召開會議討論一項修正建議,保存國應召集會議。
三、在保存國收到委員會所有成員對修正案的批准書、接受書或核准書時,該修正案即生效。
四、在保存國收到任何其他締約方的批准、接受或核准通知時,修正案對該締約方生效。在該修正案根據本條第三款的規定生效之日起一年內,任何其他締約方如未向保存國提交此類通知,應被認為已退出本公約。
一、任何締約方可在任何一年的6月30日退出本公約,但不得晚於當年1月1日以前書面通知保存國,保存國在收到退約通知後,應立即通知其他締約方。
二、在收到退約通知副本之後的60天內,其他任何締約方都可以向保存國提交書面退約通知,在這種情況下,公約將在當年6月30日對提交退約通知的締約方失效。
三、委員會的任何成員退約,不影響其依照本公約規定所承擔的財政義務。
保存國應通知各締約方:
(一)對本公約的簽署及批准書、接受書、核准書或加入書的交存;
(二)本公約及其任何修正案生效的日期。
一、本公約的英文、法文、俄文及西班牙文文本具有同等效力,應存放於澳大利亞政府。該政府應將核正無誤的公約副本分送所有簽署國和加入國。
二、本公約應由保存國根據《聯合國憲章》第一百零二條予以登記。
一九八零年五月二十日訂於坎培拉。
經正式授權的下列簽字者,已在本公約上簽字,以昭信守。
一、第二十五條第三款中所提及的仲裁法庭,應由按下述方式指派的三名仲裁員組成:
(一)提起仲裁程序的一方應將一名仲裁員的姓名通知另一方,另一方則應在收到通知之後40天內將第二名仲裁員的姓名通知提起仲裁程序一方。在指派第二名仲裁員後60天內,當事方應指派第三名仲裁員。第三名仲裁員不應是任何當事方的國民,也不應與前兩名仲裁員的任何一位同國籍。仲裁法庭將由第三名仲裁員主持。
(二)如果未能在上述規定的時間內指派第二名仲裁員,或者當事方未能在規定的時間內就第三名仲裁員的指派達成協議,該仲裁員可以應任何一方的要求,由常設仲裁法庭秘書長從不具有公約締約國國籍的、具有國際名望的人員中選派。
二、仲裁法庭應決定其所在地,並通過其議事規則。
三、仲裁法庭裁決由其成員多數作出,其成員不得投棄權票。
四、經仲裁法庭同意,非爭端當事方的任何締約方都可以參與仲裁程序。
五、仲裁法庭的裁決為終審裁決,對爭端各當事方和參與訴訟的任何締約方都具有約束力,應予遵守,不得延誤。如果爭端當事方或參與訴訟的任何締約方提出要求,仲裁法庭應對裁決作出解釋。
六、除非仲裁法庭因案情特殊另有決定,仲裁的一切費用、包括仲裁員的報酬,應由爭端當事方均攤。