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澳 門 特 別 行 政 區

行政長官辦公室

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第4/2006號行政長官公告

中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區政府與馬爾代夫共和國政府航班協定

行政長官根據澳門特別行政區第3/1999號法律第三條（六）項和第六條第一款的規定，命令公佈《中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區政府與馬爾代夫共和國政府航班協定》。

二零零六年一月二十七日發佈。

行政長官 何厚鏵

———

中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區政府

與

馬 爾 代 夫 共 和 國 政 府

航 班 協 定

經中華人民共和國中央人民政府正式授權締結本協定的中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區政府(澳門特別行政區)和馬爾代夫共和國政府 (以下稱為締約雙方)，

意欲締結一項協定，以便在兩地區之間及其以遠建立航班服務，

達成協定如下：

第一條

定 義

就本協定而言， 除非另有說明：

(一)“芝加哥公約” 一詞，指一九四四年十二月七日在芝加哥供開放簽字的國際民用航空公約以及包括﹕(1)根據該公約第九十四(a)條對締約雙方已生效的對公約的任何修改﹔及(2) 任何附件和根據該公約第九十條正式通過的對該附件的任何修改，只要該修改或附件在任何特定時間對締約雙方已經生效﹔

(二)“航空當局”一詞，在馬爾代夫共和國方面指旅遊及民航部，在澳門特別行政區方面指民航局，或對雙方而言，指經授權行使上述當局目前行使的任何職能或類似職能的任何個人或機構﹔

(三)“指定空運企業”一詞指根據本協定第三條的規定而獲得指定和授權的空運企業；

(四)“地區”一詞，在馬爾代夫共和國方面，具芝加哥公約第二條中“領土”一詞賦予的含義，在澳門特別行政區方面包括澳門半島、氹仔島和路環島﹔

(五)“航班”、“國際航班”、“空運企業”和“非運輸業務性經停” 各詞分別採納芝加哥公約第九十六條所分別賦予的含意；

(六)“運價”一詞指為運輸旅客、行李和貨物所收取的價格及適用此種價格的條件，包括代理和其它附屬服務的價格和條件，但不包括運輸郵件的報酬和條件。

(七)“本協定”一詞包括本協定的附件以及對該附件和本協定的任何修改；

(八)“使用費”一詞指由於提供機場財產或設施或導航設施，包括為飛機、其機組、旅客和貨物提供的相關服務和設施，而由主管當局或經其允許向空運企業收取的費用。

第二條

權利的授予

(一) 締約一方給予締約另一方以下有關其國際航班的權利﹕

(a)飛越締約對方地區而不降停;

(b)在該地區內作非運輸業務性經停﹔

(二) 締約一方給予締約另一方本協定以下規定的權利，以便在作為本協定附件的航線表相應部份所規定的航線上經營國際航班。此航班和航線以下分別稱為“協議航班” 和 “規定航線”。在規定航線上經營協議航班時，締約一方指定空運企業除享有本條第(一)款所規定的權利外，還享有在締約對方地區內本協定航線表的該規定航線所列地點降停，以便上下旅客和包括郵件在內的貨物。

(三) 本條第(二)款不應被視為給予締約一方指定空運企業為出租或取酬為目的，在締約另一方地區內裝載旅客、包括郵件在內的貨物前往締約另一方地區內另一點的權利。

(四) 如果由於武裝衝突，政治動亂或演變，或者特別和非同尋常的情況，締約一方指定空運企業不能在通常航路上經營航班，締約另一方應盡力為該航班的繼續經營提供臨時的航路安排。

第三條

空運企業的指定與授權

(一) 締約一方有權以書面向締約另一方指定一家或多家空運企業在規定的航線上經營協議航班，以及撤銷和更改該指定。

(二) 締約另一方在收到上述指定後，應在不違反本條第(三)、(四)款規定的情況下，不得延誤地向提出申請的一家或多家指定空運企業授予適當的經營許可。

(三) 締約一方航空當局可以要求締約另一方所指定的空運企業向其證明，該空運企業具備資格履行該當局與芝加哥公約相一致的，通常及合理地應用於經營國際航班的法律和規定所訂定的各項條件。

(四) 無論何種情況，締約一方對該指定的空運企業下述事項未能滿意，則有權拒絕發給本條第(二)款所指的經營許可，或對該空運企業實施本協定第二條第(二)款中所列的權利附加其認為必要的條件﹕

(a) 在指定該空運企業的締約方地區內註冊並以該地區為主要經營地﹔及

(b) 持有指定該空運企業的締約方航空當局頒發的有效空運經營許可證。

(五) 一家空運企業一經按此指定和授權， 即可開始經營協議航班， 條件是該空運企業遵守本協定的適用條款。

第四條

撤銷或暫停經營許可

(一) 締約一方有權撤銷某一經營許可，或暫停締約另一方指定空運企業行使本協定第二條第(二)款所給予的權利，或對行使此等權利附加其認為必要的條件：

(a) 無論何種情況，對該空運企業在指定該空運企業締約方地區註冊並以該地區為主要經營地，以及持有該締約方航空當局頒發的有效空運經營許可證有疑義﹔或

(b) 該空運企業未能遵守給予此等權利的締約方的通常及合理適用的法律或規定﹔或

(c) 該空運企業在其他方面未能按照本協定所制訂的條件經營。

(二) 除非本條第(一)款所述的撤銷或暫停或附加條件必須立即執行，以防止進一步違反法律或規定，否則此種權利只能在與締約另一方協商後方可行使。

第五條

法律和規定的適用

(一) 締約一方關於從事國際航班的飛機進出其地區，或在其地區內停留，或此等飛機在其地區內運營和航行的法律、規定及管理要求以及程序，該等飛機在進出或停留於該締約一方的地區時，均須予以遵守。

(二) 締約一方關於旅客、機組、貨物及郵件進出其地區或在其地區停留的法律、規定及管理要求以及程序，包括關於入境、放行、移民、護照、海關和檢疫的規定，在締約另一方空運企業的此種旅客、機組、貨物及郵件進入或離開或在上述締約一方地區內時應予適用。

(三) 直接過境締約任何一方地區並且不離開該機場為此目的而設的區域的旅客、行李、貨物及郵件，除非出於保安措施的考慮及特殊情況下，只應進行簡化的檢查。

(四) 締約任何一方在本條所指的法律、規定、及管理要求以及程序的適用方面，或在機場、航路、航空交通服務及在其控制下的相關設施的使用方面不得給予其自己或其他空運企業優於締約對方指定空運企業的待遇。

第六條

協議航班經營原則

(一) 締約雙方的指定空運企業在經營相關地區之間規定航線上的協議航班方面享有公平均等的機會。

(二) 在經營協議航班方面，締約各方指定空運企業應顧及締約另一方指定空運企業的利益，以免不適當地影響後者在相同航線的全部或部分航段上所提供的航班。

(三) 締約雙方指定空運企業提供的協議航班，應與公眾對規定航線的運輸需求保持密切關係，其主要目的是以合理載運比例提供足夠的運力，以滿足當前和合理預期到的來往於指定空運企業的締約一方地區的旅客和/或貨物，包括郵件的運輸需求。為在指定空運企業的締約一方地區以外規定航線上地點上下旅客和包括郵件在內的貨物提供的運輸，應根據運力須與下列各點相聯係的總原則制定﹕

(a) 前往和來自指定空運企業的締約一方地區的運輸需要﹔

(b) 在考慮到組成該區域國家的空運企業建立的其他運輸航班之後，協議航班途經該區域的運輸需求﹔及

(c) 聯程航班經營的需要。

第七條

運 價

(一) 締約一方指定空運企業來往於締約另一方地區航班所收取的運價應在合理的水平上制定，適當注意所有有關因素，包括運營成本、合理利潤、各個航班的特點、客戶利益及其他空運企業的運價。

(二) 本條第(一)款所述的運價，如可能，應在締約雙方指定空運企業之間協商確定，並在可行的情況下與其他經營同一航線的全部或其部份的空運企業協商確定。在可能的情況下，應通過國際航空運輸協會運價制定機構協商制訂運價。

(三) 由此協商而成的運價應至少在其計劃實施之日四十五（45）天之前提交締約雙方航空當局批准。特殊情況下，這一時間限制可由上述航空當局同意後縮短。

(四) 運價的批准可由締約任何一方航空當局向提出運價申請的空運企業明確作出。但是，如締約任何一方航空當局在根據本條上一款所述的提交日期的三十（30）天內未收到締約另一方航空當局不予批准根據第(二)款所協商的運價，該等運價應視為已獲批准。在提交日期根據第(三)款縮短的情況下，雙方航空當局可同意通知任何批准的期限應少於三十（30）天。

(五). 如未能根據第(二)款就某運價達成協議，或根據第(三)款所適用的日期，或根據本條第(四)款所適用的日期之內，一方航空當局發出不予批准根據第(二)款規定達成的某項運價，締約雙方航空當局應努力共同商定運價。

(六) 如雙方航空當局未能就確定本條第(五)款所指的任何運價，該爭議應根據本協定第十八條的規定解決。

(七) 根據本條的規定已經建立的某項運價在新運價制訂完成之前應持續有效。但某項實行中的運價不得根據本款在應失效之日十二（12）個月以後仍然有效。

第八條

證件及執照的承認

(一) 締約一方頒發或核准有效的適航證、資格證和執照，在其有效期間，締約另一方應承認其有效，條件是頒發或核准此種證件或執照有效的要求至少相當於根據芝加哥公約可能制定的最低標準。

(二) 然而，締約一方對為在其地區上空飛行，由締約另一方頒發或核准有效的對馬爾代夫共和國而言其自己國民和對澳門特別行政區而言其自己的居民的資格證和執照，保留拒絕承認其有效的權利。

第九條

海 關 稅

(一) 締約一方指定的一家或多家空運企業經營國際航班的飛機應按下列各項免除所有海關關稅、消費稅和類似收費:

(a)締約一方指定空運企業運入締約另一方地區的以下物品:

1.修理、維護和保養設備及其部件;

2.保安設備包括組裝保安設備的部件;

3.教學材料和訓練輔助用品;

4.計算機設備及其部件;

5.空運企業和經營人文件; 及

(b)締約一方指定空運企業運入締約另一方地區或在締約另一方地區內向締約一方指定空運企業供應的以下物品:

1.無論是運入或在締約另一方地區內裝上飛機的機上供應品(包括但不限於諸如食品、飲料和煙草等物品);

2.燃油、潤滑油和消耗性技術供應品;

3.零備件包括發動機;

條件是每次物品均為有關指定空運企業為建立或維持國際航班而在機上使用或在國際機場範圍內使用。

(二) 免除關稅、消費稅和類似收費不應延伸於在締約另一方地區內以向締約一方指定空運企業提供服務的成本為基礎的收費。

(三) 本條第(一)款所述的設備和供應品可被要求置於有關當局監管或控制之下。

(四) 在締約一方指定的一家或多家空運企業已與另一家或多家空運企業關於在締約另一方地區內就租用或移交本條第(一)款所規定各項物品作出安排的情況下， 本條規定的免除辦法亦適用， 但該另一家或多家空運企業須同樣享有該締約另一方的此項免除。

第十條

航空保安

(一) 確保民用飛機、其旅客和機組人員安全作為國際航班運營的基本前提，締約雙方重申彼此之間對保障民航安全免受非法行為干擾的責任(特別是根據芝加哥公約、一九六三年九月十四日在東京簽訂的關於在航空器內犯罪和犯有某些其他行為的公約、一九七零年十二月十六日在海牙簽訂的關於制止非法劫持航空器的公約， 以及一九七一年九月二十三日在蒙特利爾簽訂的關於制止危害民用航空安全的非法行為的公約的規定所負有的責任)，構成本協定不可缺少的一個部分。

(二) 締約雙方應根據請求相互提供一切必要的協助，以防止非法劫持民用飛機和其他危及該等飛機、其旅客和機組、機場和導航設施安全的非法行為， 以及危及民航安全的任何其他威脅。

(三) 締約雙方在其相互關係中，應遵守航空保安標準，以及對締約雙方適用的國際民航組織所制定並指定為芝加哥公約附件的建議措施。締約雙方須要求在締約各方註冊的飛機經營人或以締約各方地區為主要經營地或永久駐地的飛機經營人， 以及在其地區內的機場經營人遵守該等航空保安規定。本款提到的航空保安標準包括有關締約方通知的任何差異。

(四) 締約各方應確保在其地區內採取有效措施保護飛機， 在登機和裝機前或裝機時，對旅客及其手提物品實行透視檢查，對機組、貨物(包括裝貨艙的行李) 及機上供應品實施適當的檢查，並對上述措施加以調整以對付威脅的增加。締約各方同意其空運企業可能被要求遵守第(三)款中提及的締約另一方關於入境、出境及在締約另一方地區內的航空保安規定。同時締約各方對締約另一方為對付某項特定的威脅採取合理的特別保安措施的要求，亦應採取有利行動。

(五) 倘若發生非法劫持民用飛機的事件或威脅，或其他針對該飛機、其旅客和機組、機場及航空導航設施安全的非法行為，締約雙方須互相協助提供通訊的便利及採取其他適當措施，以便盡速以最低的生命危險終止該事件或其威脅。

第十一條

航空安全

(一) 締約一方可以就締約另一方在航空設施、空勤機組、飛機及其運營方面所保持的有關安全標準問題隨時要求進行協商。此協商應在提出要求之後的三十（30）天內進行。

(二) 如果此種協商之後， 締約一方發現締約另一方在上述任何方面未能有效地保持和實施至少相當於當時根據芝加哥公約制定的最低的安全標準， 締約一方應將此等發現通知締約另一方，締約另一方應採取適當的步驟予以糾正。如締約另一方未能在合理時間內，且無論何種情況在十五（15）天內或可能同意的更長時期內採取適當行動，將有理由實施本協定第四條的規定。

(三) 儘管有芝加哥公約第三十三條提及的義務，雙方同意締約一方一家或多家空運企業運營的來往於締約另一方地區航班的任何飛機，在締約另一方地區內時，可能成為檢查對象而由締約另一方當局代表登機及對飛機周圍進行檢查，對飛機及機組人員證件是否有效以及飛機及其設備的表面狀況進行檢查(本條中稱為“停機坪檢查”)，只要此種檢查不會導致不合理的延誤。

(四) 如果任何上述停機坪檢查或一系列的停機坪檢查結果﹕

(a) 使對某架飛機或某架飛機的運營不符合根據芝加哥公約屆時所制定的最低標準產生嚴重關切﹔或

(b) 使對缺乏有效保持和管理根據芝加哥公約屆時所制定的安全標準產生嚴重關切﹔

為貫徹芝加哥公約第三十三條，執行檢查的締約方可自行作出結論，即對該架飛機或該架飛機的經營人或機組人員的證件或執照的頒發或核准有效的要求，沒有達到或高於當時根據芝加哥公約制定的最低標準。

(五) 如果根據上述第(三)款對締約一方一家或多家空運企業經營的某架飛機實行的停機坪檢查遭到拒絕，締約另一方可自行推論，即存在上述第(四)款提及的那種嚴重關切，並得出該款提及的結論。

(六) 如果締約一方不論由於一次停機坪檢查，或一系列停機坪檢查，或一次拒絕停機坪檢查、協商或其他形式的對話而得出結論，即為某空運企業或多家空運企業的運營安全必須立即採取緊急行動，締約各方保留立即暫停或改變某空運企業或多家空運企業的經營授權的權利。

(七) 締約一方根據上述第(二)款或第(六)款所採取任何行動的條件一旦不復存在，則應停止該行動。

第十二條

航班時刻

(一) 締約各方指定空運企業應提前三十（30）天將計劃航班的時刻表提交締約對方航空當局批准，列明班次、機型、座位佈局及將向公眾提供的座位數。

(二) 某一空運企業已獲批准的時刻表此後如有任何更動，須提交締約另一方航空當局批准。

(三) 如某空運企業希望進行經批准的時刻表範圍內航班的加班飛行，須得到有關締約方航空當局事先許可。

第十三條

提供統計

締約一方航空當局應根據締約另一方航空當局的要求，向其提供合理需要的定期統計或其他統計資料，以審查本條前面提及的締約方指定空運企業在協議航班上提供的運力。此類資料應包括確定空運企業的協議航班所載運的業務量及其始發地和目的地所需的所有情況。

第十四條

收入的匯出

(一) 締約各方指定空運企業有權根據締約另一方外匯法律和規定，將其在扣除當地開支後的收入餘額兌換並匯回本地區。締約各方應為此種兌換和匯款提供方便。兌換及匯款應以提出該收入兌換交易及匯款時的有效匯率進行，並且不得收取任何費用，銀行正常情況下對進行該兌換及匯款的收費除外。

(二) 如締約雙方之間簽有償付制度的專門協議，則應適用該專門協議。

第十五條

空運企業代表處及銷售

(一) 締約一方指定的一家或多家空運企業有權在對等基礎上，根據締約另一方關於入境、居留和就業的法律和規定，在締約另一方地區派駐和保留為提供航班所需的管理、技術、經營和其他專業人員。

(二) 締約各方指定空運企業有權在締約對方地區通過其指定的一家或多家代理人從事航空運輸銷售。締約各方指定空運企業有權用當地貨幣或任何可自由兌換的其他貨幣銷售該運輸，任何人可以選擇以當地貨幣或任何可自由兌換的其他貨幣購買該運輸。

第十六條

使 用 費

(一) 締約任何一方不得向締約另一方指定空運企業徵收或允許徵收高於向其自己經營類似國際航班的空運企業所徵收的費用。

(二) 締約各方應鼓勵其主管收費當局與使用該收費當局提供的服務和設施的空運企業，在可行的情況下透過該等空運企業代表組織，就使用費進行協商。倘有任何更改空運企業使用費的建議，應合理預先通知該等用戶，以便他們在更改之前表達意見。締約各方還應鼓勵其主管收費當局與該等空運企業就使用費事宜交換有關的資料。

第十七條

協 商

締約一方可隨時要求就本協定的執行、解釋、適用或修改進行協商。此協商可以在雙方航空當局之間進行，除非締約雙方另有協議，協商應在締約另一方收到書面要求之日起六十天（60）之內開始。

第十八條

解決爭議

(一) 如果締約雙方就本協定的解釋或適用發生任何爭議， 締約雙方首先應設法通過談判直接解決。

(二) 如果締約雙方未能通過談判解決爭議，他們可以協商將該項爭議提交雙方同意的人士或機構處理，或在締約任何一方的要求下，提交一個由三名仲裁員組成的仲裁庭裁決，仲裁庭的組成方式如下:

(a)在接獲仲裁要求三十（30）天內，締約各方應委任一名仲裁員。在委任第二名仲裁員後六十（60）天之內， 經兩名仲裁員協議委任一名在該項爭議中可視為中立國家的國民為第三名仲裁員，該仲裁員應出任仲裁庭的主席。

(b)若在上述規定的期限內，未能委任任何仲裁員，締約任何一方可以要求國際民航組織理事會主席在三十（30）天內委任所需的仲裁員。如該主席是某一國家的國民，而此國家在爭議中不能視為中立，仲裁員便由沒有因上述理由失去委任資格的最資深副主席委任。

(三) 除非如本條下文所述或締約雙方另有協議，仲裁庭將確定其權限範圍和制訂自己的程序。在仲裁庭完全組成之後不遲於三十（30）天，應根據仲裁庭發出的指令或締約任何一方提出的請求，舉行確定仲裁的確切事項和須遵循的具體程序的會議。

(四) 除非締約雙方另有協議或仲裁庭另有規定，締約各方必須在仲裁庭完全組成之後四十五（45）天內提交一份備忘錄。答覆期限為此後六十（60）天。在答覆期滿後三十（30）天之內，仲裁庭按締約任何一方的請求，或其自己決定舉行聽證會。

(五) 仲裁庭應力爭在聽證會結束之後三十（30）天內，或如果未舉行聽證會時，在兩份答覆都已提交之日後的三十（30）天內，作出書面裁決。裁決按多數票作出。

(六) 締約雙方可以在收到裁決之後十五（15）天內提出澄清裁決的要求，此種澄清應在收到此種要求之日十五（15）天內作出。

(七).仲裁庭的裁決對締約雙方均具約束力。

(八).締約各方將承擔其委任仲裁員的費用。仲裁庭的其他費用，包括國際民航組織理事會主席或副主席在執行本條第二款第二段程序時所產生的任何費用由締約雙方平均分攤。

第十九條

修 改

(一) 締約雙方達成的對本協定的任何修改，應在締約雙方經適當途徑換函確認後生效。

(二) 對於本協定附件的修改可在締約雙方航空當局之間直接協商。由此達成的修改應自上述當局協商同意之日起臨時適用，經適當途徑換函確認後生效。

(三) 如任何國際公約或協議對締約雙方均產生約束力，則本協定應被認為已被該公約或協議的條款進行了修改。

第二十條

登 記

本協定以及按照第十九條對本協定所作的任何修改須向國際民航組織登記。

第二十一條

終 止

締約任何一方可以隨時以書面經適當途徑通知締約另一方其終止本協定的決定。此通知應同時發給國際民航組織。除非在期限到期之前協議撤銷終止通知，本協定自締約對方收到此通知十二（12）個月之後終止。在未接到締約對方確認收到通知的情況下，則在國際民航組織確認收到此通知十四（14）天後，應視為該通知已被收到。

第二十二條

生 效

締約各方應以書面經適當途徑通知其業已完成各自對於本協定生效的各項要求。本協定自締約雙方已相互通知完成本協定生效之法律程序之日的一個月後生效。

下列代表，經其各自政府正式授權，已在本協定上簽字。

本協定於二零零六年一月十六日在馬累 簽訂，一式兩份，每份用中文、葡萄牙文和英文寫成，所有文本同等作準。

———

附 件

航 線 表

一.馬爾代夫共和國指定的一家或多家空運企業經營的往返航線:

始發點	中間點	澳門特別行政區內地點	以遠點
馬爾代夫	任何地點	澳門	任何地點

二.澳門特別行政區指定的一家或多家空運企業經營的往返航線:

始發點	中間點	馬爾代夫境內地點	以遠點
澳門	任何地點	馬爾代夫	任何地點

註﹕

一.締約各方指定空運企業可以在其任何或全部航班上不降停任何一個或一個以上中間經停點，條件是航線上的協議航班在指定空運企業的締約方地區內的一點始發。

二.頒發給締約雙方指定空運企業的實際運營、班次及業務權的實施，應由締約雙方航空當局商定。

三.中國內地地點、台灣以及香港不得作為中間點或以遠點。

———

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE MACAO SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES CONCERNING AIR SERVICES

The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (“the Macao Special Administrative Region”) and the Government of the Republic of Maldives, the former having being duly authorized to conclude this Agreement by the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Contracting Parties”)

Desiring to conclude an Agreement for the purpose of establishing air services between and beyond their respective areas;

Have agreed as follows:

ARTICLE 1

Definitions

For the purpose of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) the term “Chicago Convention” means the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on 7 December 1944 and includes: (i) any amendment thereto which has entered into force under Article 94(a) thereof and is applicable to both Contracting Parties; and (ii) any Annex or any amendment thereto adopted under Article 90 of that Convention, insofar as such amendment or annex is at any given time effective for both Contracting Parties;

(b) the term “aeronautical authorities” means in the case of the Republic of Maldives, the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation, and in the case of the Macao Special Administrative Region, the Civil Aviation Authority, or in both cases, any person or body authorized to perform any functions at present exercised by the above-mentioned authorities or similar functions;

(c) the term “designated airline” means an airline which has been designated and authorized in accordance with Article 3 of this Agreement;

(d) the term “area” in relation to the Republic of Maldives has the meaning assigned to “territory” in Article 2 of the Chicago Convention and in relation to the Macao Special Administrative Region includes the Macao Peninsula and the Taipa and Coloane Islands;

(e) the terms “air service”, “international air service”, “airline” and “stop for non-traffic purposes” have the meanings respectively assigned to them in Article 96 of the Chicago Convention;

(f) the term “tariff” means the prices to be paid for the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo and the conditions under which those prices apply, including prices and conditions for agency and other auxiliary service, but excluding remuneration and conditions for the carriage of mail;

(g) the term “this Agreement” includes the Annex hereto and any amendments to it or to this Agreement;

(h) the term “user charges” means a charge made to airlines by the competent authorities or permitted by them to be made for the provision of airport property or facilities or of air navigation facilities, including related services and facilities for aircraft, their crews, passengers and cargo.

ARTICLE 2

Grant of Rights

(1) Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the following rights in respect of its international air services:

(a) the right to fly across its area without landing;

(b) the right to make stops in its area for non-traffic purposes.

(2) Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the rights hereinafter specified in this Agreement for the purpose of operating international air services on the routes specified in the appropriate Section of the Schedule annexed to this Agreement. Such services and routes are hereinafter called “the agreed services” and “the specified routes” respectively. While operating an agreed service on a specified route the airlines designated by each Contracting Party shall enjoy in addition to the rights specified in paragraph (1) of this Article the right to make stops in the area of the other Contracting Party at the points specified for that route in the Schedule to this Agreement for the purpose of taking on board and discharging passengers and cargo, including mail.

(3) Nothing in paragraph (2) of this Article shall be deemed to confer on the designated airlines of one Contracting Party the right to take on board, in the area of the other Contracting Party, passengers and cargo, including mail, carried for hire or reward and destined for another point in the area of the other Contracting Party.

(4) If because of armed conflict, political disturbances or developments, or special and unusual circumstances, a designated airline of one Contracting Party is unable to operate a service on its normal routeing, the other Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to facilitate the continued operation of such service through appropriate temporary rearrangements of routes.

ARTICLE 3

Designation and Authorization of Airlines

(1) Each Contracting Party shall have the right to designate in writing to the other Contracting Party one or more airlines for the purpose of operating the agreed services on the specified routes and to withdraw or alter such designations.

(2) On receipt of such a designation the other Contracting Party shall, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (3) and (4) of this Article, without delay grant to the airline or airlines designated the appropriate operating authorizations.

(3) The aeronautical authorities of one Contracting Party may require an airline designated by the other Contracting Party to satisfy them that it is qualified to fulfil the conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations normally and reasonably applied to the operation of international air services by such authorities in conformity with the provisions of the Chicago Convention.

(4) Each Contracting Party shall have the right to refuse to grant the operating authorization referred to in paragraph (2) of this Article, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by a designated airline of the rights specified in paragraph (2) of Article 2 of this Agreement, in any case where the said Contracting Party is not satisfied that the airline:

a) is incorporated and has its principal place of business in the area of the Contracting Party which has designated the airline; and

b) holds a current Air Operator's Certificate issued by the aeronautical authority of the Contracting Party which has designated the airline.

(5) When an airline has been so designated and authorized it may begin to operate the agreed services, provided that the airline complies with the applicable provisions of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 4

Revocation or Suspension of Operating Authorizations

(1) Each Contracting Party shall have the right to revoke an operating authorization or to suspend the exercise of the rights specified in paragraph (2) of Article 2 of this Agreement by an airline designated by the other Contracting Party, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise of those rights:

a) in any case where it is not satisfied that the airline is incorporated and has its principal place of business in the area of the Contracting Party which has designated the airline; and holds a current Air Operator's Certificate issued by the aeronautical authority of that Contracting Party; or

b) in the case of failure by that airline to comply with the laws or regulations normally and reasonably applied by the Contracting Party granting these rights; or

c) if the airline otherwise fails to operate in accordance with the conditions prescribed under this Agreement.

(2) Unless immediate revocation, suspension or imposition of the conditions mentioned in paragraph (1) of this Article is essential to prevent further infringements of laws or regulations, such right shall be exercised only after consultation with the other Contracting Party.

ARTICLE 5

Application of Laws and Regulations

(1) The laws, regulations and administrative requirements and procedures of one Contracting Party relating to the admission to, the stay in or departure from its area of aircraft engaged in international air services or to the operation and navigation of such aircraft while within its area, shall be complied with by such aircraft upon entrance into and departure from and while within the area of the first Contracting Party.

(2) The laws, regulations and administrative requirements and procedures of one Contracting Party relating to the admission to, the stay in or the departure from its area of passengers, crew, cargo and mail, including regulations relating to entry, clearance, immigration, passport, customs and quarantine, shall be applied to such passengers, crew, cargo and mail of the airlines of the other Contracting Party upon entrance into or departure from and while within the area of the first Contracting Party.

(3) Passengers, baggage, cargo and mail in direct transit across the area of either Contracting Party and not leaving the area of the airport reserved for such purpose shall, except in respect to security measures and for special circumstances, be subject to no more than a simplified control.

(4) Neither Contracting Party shall give preference to its own or any other airline over the designated airline of the other Contracting Party in the application of laws, regulations and administrative requirements and procedures referred to in this Article or in the use of airports, airways, air traffic services and associated facilities under its control.

ARTICLE 6

Principles Governing Operation of Agreed Services

(1) There shall be fair and equal opportunity for the designated airlines of both Contracting Parties to operate the agreed services on the specified routes between their respective areas.

(2) In operating the agreed services the designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall take into account the interests of the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party so as not to affect unduly the services which the latter provide on the whole or part of the same routes.

(3) The agreed services provided by the designated airlines of the Contracting Parties shall bear a close relationship to the requirements of the public for transportation on the specified routes and shall have as their primary objective the provision at a reasonable load factor of capacity adequate to carry the current and reasonably anticipated requirements for the carriage of passengers and/or cargo, including mail, coming from or destined for the area of the Contracting Party which has designated the airline. Provision for the carriage of passengers and cargo, including mail, both taken on board and discharged at points on the specified routes in areas other than points in the area of the Contracting Party designating the airline shall be made in accordance with the general principles that capacity shall be related to:

(a) traffic requirements to and from the area of the Contracting Party which has designated the airline;

(b) traffic requirements of the region through which the agreed service passes, after taking account of other transport services established by airlines of the States comprising the region; and

(c) the requirements of through airline operation.

ARTICLE 7

Tariffs

(1) The tariffs to be charged by the designated airline of one Contracting Party for carriage to or from the area of the other Contracting Party shall be established at reasonable levels, due regard being paid to all relevant factors, including cost of operation, reasonable profit, the characteristics of each service, the interests of the consumers and tariffs of other airlines.

(2) The tariffs referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article, shall, if possible be established by mutual agreement by the designated airline(s) of both Contracting Parties, and if applicable after consultation with the other airlines operating over the whole or part of the same route. Such agreement shall, wherever possible, be reached through the rate-fixing machinery of the International Air Transport Association for the working out of tariffs.

(3) The tariffs so agreed shall be submitted for the approval of the aeronautical authorities of both Contracting Parties at least 45 (forty-five) days before the proposed date of their introduction. In special cases this period may be reduced, subject to the mutual agreement of the said authorities.

(4) Approval of tariffs may be given expressly by the aeronautical authorities of either Contracting Party to the airline filing the tariffs. However, if neither of the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties gives the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party notice of their disapproval within 30 (thirty) days from the date of submission in accordance with the preceding paragraph of this Article, of the tariff agreed in accordance with paragraph (2) these tariffs shall be considered approved. In the event of the period for submission being reduced as provided for in paragraph (3), the aeronautical authorities may agree that the period within which any approval must be notified shall be less than 30 (thirty) days.

(5) If a tariff cannot be agreed in accordance with paragraph (2) or if for the period applicable in accordance with paragraph (3), or during the period applicable in accordance with paragraph (4) of this Article, one of the aeronautical authorities gives notice of its disapproval of any tariff agreed upon in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (2), the aeronautical authorities of the two Contracting Parties shall endeavour to determine the tariff by mutual agreement.

(6) If the aeronautical authorities cannot agree on the determination of any tariff as specified in paragraph (5) of this Article, the dispute shall be settled in accordance with the provisions of Article 18 of this Agreement.

(7) A tariff already established in accordance with the provisions of this Article shall remain in force until a new tariff has been established. Nevertheless the use of an existing tariff shall not be prolonged by virtue of this paragraph for more than 12 (twelve) months after the date on which it otherwise would have expired.

ARTICLE 8

Recognition of Certificates and Licences

(1) Certificates of Airworthiness, certificates of competency and licences issued or rendered valid by either Contracting Party shall, during the period of their validity, be recognized as valid by the other Contracting Party, provided that the requirements under which such certificates or licences were issued or rendered valid are at least equal to the minimum standards which may be established pursuant to the Chicago Convention.

(2) Each Contracting Party reserves the right, however, not to recognize as valid, for the purpose of flights over its own area, certificates of competency and licences granted to its own nationals in the case of the Republic of Maldives and to its own residents in the case of the Macao Special Administrative Region or rendered valid for them by the other Contracting Party.

ARTICLE 9

Customs Duties

(1) Aircraft operated in international air services by the designated airline or airlines of either Contracting Party shall be relieved from all customs duties, excise taxes and similar fees, as shall:

(a) the following items introduced by a designated airline of one Contracting Party into the area of the other Contracting Party:

(i) repair, maintenance and servicing equipment and component parts;

(ii) security equipment including component parts for incorporation into security equipment;

(iii) instructional material and training aids;

(iv) computer equipment and component parts;

(v) airline and operators' documents; and

(b) the following items introduced by a designated airline of one Contracting Party into the area of the other Contracting Party or supplied to a designated airline of one Contracting Party in the area of the other Contracting Party:

(i) aircraft stores (including but not limited to such items as food, beverages and tobacco) whether introduced into or taken on board in the area of the other Contracting Party;

(ii) fuel, lubricants and consumable technical supplies;

(iii) spare parts including engines;

provided in each case that they are for use on board an aircraft or within the limits of an international airport in connection with the establishment or maintenance of an international air service by the designated airline concerned.

(2) The relief from customs duties, excise taxes and similar fees shall not extend to charges based on the cost of services provided to the designated airline(s) of a Contracting Party in the area of the other Contracting Party.

(3) Equipment and supplies referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article may be required to be kept under the supervision or control of the appropriate authorities.

(4) The reliefs provided for by this Article shall also be available in situations where the designated airline or airlines of one Contracting Party have entered into arrangements with another airline or airlines for the loan or transfer in the area of the other Contracting Party of the items specified in paragraph (1) of this Article, provided such other airline or airlines similarly enjoy such reliefs from such other Contracting Party.

ARTICLE 10

Aviation Security

(1) The assurance of safety for civil aircraft, their passengers and crew being a fundamental pre-condition for the operation of international air services, the Contracting Parties reaffirm that their obligations to each other to provide for the security of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference (and in particular their obligations under the Chicago Convention, the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970 and the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 23 September 1971) form an integral part of this Agreement.

(2) The Contracting Parties shall provide upon request all necessary assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation facilities, and any other threat to the security of civil aviation.

(3) The Contracting Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in conformity with the aviation security Standards and, so far as they are applied by them, the Recommended Practices established by the International Civil Aviation Organisation and designated as Annexes to the Chicago Convention; and shall require that operators of aircraft of their registry, operators of aircraft who have their principal place of business or permanent residence in their area, and the operators of airports in their area, act in conformity with such aviation security provisions. In this paragraph the reference to aviation security Standards includes any difference notified by the Contracting Party concerned.

(4) Each Contracting Party shall ensure that effective measures are taken within its area to protect aircraft, to screen passengers and their carry-on items, and to carry out appropriate checks on crew, cargo (including hold baggage) and aircraft stores prior to and during boarding or loading and that those measures are adjusted to meet increases in the threat. Each Contracting Party agrees that its airlines may be required to observe the aviation security provisions referred to in paragraph (3) required by the other Contracting Party, for entrance into, departure from, or while within, the area of that other Contracting Party. Each Contracting Party shall also act favourably upon any request from the other Contracting Party for reasonable special security measures to meet a particular threat.

(5) When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports or air navigation facilities occurs, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate as rapidly as possible commensurate with minimum risk to life such incident or threat.

ARTICLE 11

Aviation Safety

(1) Each Contracting Party may request consultations at any time concerning the safety standards maintained by the other Contracting Party in areas relating to aeronautical facilities, aircrews, aircraft and their operation. Such consultations shall take place within 30 (thirty) days of that request.

(2) If following such consultations, one Contracting Party finds that the other Contracting Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety standards in any such area that are at least to the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention, the first Contracting Party shall notify the other Contracting Party of those findings and the other Contracting Party shall take appropriate corrective action. Failure by the other Contracting Party to take appropriate action within a reasonable time, and in any case within 15 (fifteen) days or such longer period as may be agreed, shall be grounds for the application of Article 4 of this Agreement.

(3) Notwithstanding the obligations mentioned in Article 33 of the Chicago Convention, it is agreed that any aircraft operated by the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party on services to or from the area of the other Contracting Party may, while within the area of the other Contracting Party, be made the subject of an examination by the authorities representative of the other Contracting Party on board and around the aircraft to check both the validity of the aircraft documents and those of the crew and the apparent condition of the aircraft and its equipment (in this Article called “ramp inspection”), provided this does not lead to unreasonable delay.

(4) If any such ramp inspection or series of ramp inspections give rise to:

a) serious concerns that an aircraft or the operation of an aircraft does not comply with the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention; or

b) serious concerns that there is a lack of effective maintenance and administration of safety standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention;

the Contracting Party carrying out the inspection shall, for the purpose of Article 33 of the Chicago Convention, be free to conclude that the requirements under which certificates or licences in respect of that aircraft or in respect of the operator or crew of that aircraft had been issued or rendered valid are not equal to or above the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention.

(5) In the event that access for the purpose of undertaking a ramp inspection of an aircraft operated by the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph (3) above is denied, the other Contracting Party shall be free to infer that serious concerns of the type referred to in paragraph (4) above arise and draw the conclusions referred to in that paragraph.

(6) Each Contracting Party reserves the right to suspend or vary the operating authorization of an airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party immediately in the event the first Contracting Party concludes, whether as a result of a ramp inspection, a series of ramp inspections, a denial of access for ramp inspection, consultation or other form of dialogue, that immediate action is essential to the safety of an airline or airlines operation.

(7) Any action by one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph (2) or (6) above shall be discontinued once the basis for the taking of that action ceases to exist.

ARTICLE 12

Timetable

(1) The designated airline of each Contracting Party shall submit to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party for approval, 30 (thirty) days in advance, the timetable of its intended services, specifying the frequency, type of aircraft, configuration and number of seats to be made available to the public.

(2) Any subsequent changes to the approved timetables of a designated airline shall be submitted for approval to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party.

(3) If a designated airline wishes to operate flights supplementary to those covered in the approved timetables, it shall obtain the prior permission of the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Party concerned.

ARTICLE 13

Provision of Statistics

The aeronautical authorities of a Contracting Party shall supply to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party at their request such periodic or other statements of statistics as may be reasonably required for the purpose of reviewing the capacity provided on the agreed services by the designated airlines of the Contracting Party referred to first in this Article. Such statements shall include all information required to determine the amount of traffic carried by those airlines on the agreed services and the origins and destinations of such traffic.

ARTICLE 14

Transfer of Earnings

(1) The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right, in accordance with the foreign exchange laws and regulations of the other Contracting Party, to convert and remit to its area, revenues earned by it in excess of sums locally disbursed. Each Contracting Party shall facilitate such conversions and remittance. Conversions and remittance shall be at the rate of exchange applicable to current transactions which is in effect at the time such revenues are presented for conversion and remittance and shall not be subject to any charges except those normally made by banks for carrying out such conversions and remittance.

(2) Where the payments systems between the Contracting Parties is governed by a special agreement, such special agreement shall apply.

ARTICLE 15

Airline Representation and Sales

(1) The designated airline or airlines of one Contracting Party shall be entitled, in accordance with the laws and regulations relating to entry, residence and employment of the other Contracting Party, to bring in and maintain in the area of the other Contracting Party those of their own managerial, technical, operational and other specialist staff who are required for the provision of air services.

(2) The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right to engage in the sale of air transportation in the area of the other Contracting Party, through agent or agents appointed by the designated airline. The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right to sell, and any person shall be free to purchase, such transportation in local currency or in any freely convertible other currency.

ARTICLE 16

User Charges

(1) Neither Contracting Party shall impose or permit to be imposed on the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party user charges higher than those imposed on its own airlines operating similar international air services.

(2) Each Contracting Party shall encourage consultation on user charges between its competent charging authorities and airlines using the services and facilities provided by those charging authorities, where practicable through those airlines' representative organisations. Reasonable notice of any proposals for changes in user charges should be given to such users to enable them to express their views before changes are made. Each Contracting Party shall further encourage its competent charging authorities and such users to exchange appropriate information concerning user charges.

ARTICLE 17

Consultation

Either Contracting Party may at any time request consultations on the implementation, interpretation, application or amendment of this Agreement. Such consultations, which may be between aeronautical authorities, shall begin within a period of 60 (sixty) days from the date the other Contracting Party receives a written request, unless otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties.

ARTICLE 18

Settlement of Disputes

(1) If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall in the first place try to settle it by negotiation.

(2) If the Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement of the dispute by negotiation, it may be referred by them to such person or body as they may agree on or, at the request of either Contracting Party, shall be submitted for decision to a tribunal of three arbitrators which shall be constituted in the following manner:

(a) within 30 (thirty) days after receipt of a request for arbitration, each Contracting Party shall appoint one arbitrator. A national of a State which can be regarded as neutral in relation to the dispute, who shall act as President of the tribunal, shall be appointed as the third arbitrator by agreement between the two arbitrators, within 60 (sixty) days of the appointment of the second;

(b) if within the time limits specified above any appointment has not been made, either Contracting Party may request the President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Oganisation to make the necessary appointment within 30 (thirty) days. If the President is a national of a State which cannot be regarded as neutral in relation to the dispute, the most senior Vice-President who is not disqualified on that ground shall make the appointment.

(3) Except as hereinafter provided in this Article or as otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties, the tribunal shall determine the limits of its jurisdiction and establish its own procedure. At the direction of the tribunal, or at the request of either of the Contracting Parties, a conference to determine the precise issues to be arbitrated and the specific procedures to be followed shall be held not later than 30 (thirty) days after the tribunal is fully constituted.

(4) Except as otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties or prescribed by the tribunal, each Contracting Party shall submit a memorandum within 45 (forty-five) days after the tribunal is fully constituted. Replies shall be due 60 days later. The tribunal shall hold a hearing at the request of either Contracting Party, or at its discretion, within 30 (thirty) days after replies are due.

(5) The tribunal shall attempt to give a written decision within 30 (thirty) days after completion of the hearing or, if no hearing is held, 30 (thirty) days after the date both replies are submitted. The decision shall be taken by a majority vote.

(6) The Contracting Parties may submit requests for clarification of the decision within 15 (fifteen) days after it is received and such clarification shall be issued within 15 (fifteen) days of such request.

(7) The decision of the tribunal shall be binding on the Contracting Parties.

(8) Each Contracting Party shall bear the costs of the arbitrator appointed by it. The other costs of the tribunal shall be shared equally by the Contracting Parties including any expenses incurred by the President or Vice-President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation in implementing the procedures in paragraph (2)(b) of this Article.

ARTICLE 19

Amendment

(1) Any amendments of this Agreement agreed by the Contracting Parties shall come into effect when confirmed by an exchange of correspondence through the appropriate channels.

(2) Amendments to the Annex of this Agreement may be agreed directly between the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties. Such amendments shall be applied provisionally from the date they have been agreed upon by the said authorities and enter into force when confirmed by an exchange of correspondence through the appropriate channels.

(3) This Agreement shall be deemed to have been amended by those provisions of any international convention or agreement which may become binding on both Contracting Parties.

ARTICLE 20

Registration

This Agreement and any amendment in accordance with Article 19 shall be registered with the International Civil Aviation Organization.

ARTICLE 21

Termination

Either Contracting Party may at any time give notice in writing to the other Contracting Party of its decision to terminate this Agreement. Such notice shall be simultaneously communicated to the International Civil Aviation Organisation. This Agreement shall terminate 12 (twelve) months after the date of receipt of the notice by the other Contracting Party, unless the notice is withdrawn by agreement before the expiry of this period. In the absence of acknowledgement of receipt by the other Contracting Party, the notice shall be deemed to have been received 14 (fourteen) days after receipt of the notice by the International Civil Aviation Organisation.

ARTICLE 22

Entry into Force

Each Contracting Party shall notify the other Contracting Party in writing through the appropriate channels of the completion of their respective requirements for entry into force of this Agreement. This Agreement shall enter into force one month from the date on which both Contracting Parties have notified each other that the legal procedures for entry into force of this Agreement have been fulfilled.

In witness whereof, the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.

Done in duplicate at Male this 16th day of January 2006 in the Chinese, Portuguese and English languages, all texts being equally authoritative.

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ANNEX

ROUTE SCHEDULE

1. Routes to be operated in both directions by the designated airline or airlines of the Republic of Maldives:

Point of Origin	Intermediate Points	Points in the Macao SAR	Points beyond
Maldives	Any Points	Macao	Any Points

2. Routes to be operated in both directions by the designated airline or airlines of the Macao Special Administrative Region:

Point of Origin	Intermediate Points	Points in The Republic of Maldives	Points beyond
Macao	Any Points	Maldives	Any Points

Notes:

i. The designated airline of each Contracting Party may omit any one or more intermediate points on any or all flights provided that the agreed services on the route begin at a point in the area of the Contracting Party designating the airline.

ii. The effective operations, frequencies and the exercise of traffic rights granted to the designated airline of both Contracting Parties shall be agreed upon between the aeronautical authorities of the two Contracting Parties.

iii. No points in inland of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong may be served either as intermediate points or beyond points.

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