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THE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY CODE
EFFECTS OF THE PATENT
(Scope of protection)
1. The scope of protection conferred by the patent shall be determined by the
content of the claims, the description and the drawings serving for interpretation
purposes.
2. If the subject matter of the patent concerns a process, the rights conferred
by that patent shall include the products directly obtained by the patented process.
3. The protection conferred by a patent relating to a biological material endowed
by the invention with certain properties shall extend to any biological material
obtained from the said biological material by reproduction or multiplication, in
identical or different form, and endowed with those same properties.
4. The protection conferred by a patent relating to a process for producing a
biological material endowed by the invention with certain properties, shall extend
to biological material directly obtained by that process and any other biological
material obtained from the directly obtained biological material, by reproduction
or multiplication, in ident ical or differentiated form, and endowed with those
same properties.
5. The protection conferred by a patent relating to a product that contains genetic
information or that consists in genetic information, shall extend to any material,
subject to the provisions of article 62(3(a)), in which the product is incorporate
and in which its function is contained and exercised.
6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 3 to 5, the sale or any other
form of commercialization by the patent-holder, or with his consent, to a farmer,
of plant reproduction material, or breeding animals or other animal reproduction
material, shall imply that the farmer has permission to use the protected animals,
the animal reproduction material or the product of his harvest in order himself
to proceed to reproduce or multiply animal or plant species exclusively for the
purpose of his own agricultural exploitation.
7. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the permission referred to in the
previous paragraph shall not entitle the farmer to exercise any reproductive activity
for commercial purposes or as part of a commercial activity.
(Inversion of the onus of proof)
1. If the subject matter of a patent is a process for the manufacture of a new
product, the same product manufactured by a third party shall, unless proven to
the contrary, be deemed to be manufactured by the patented process.
2. When taking evidence, the court shall take account of the legitimate interest
of the party bearing the burden of proof in preserving his trade secret.
(Duration)
1. The duration of the patent shall be 20 years from the date of the respective
application.
2. Notwithstanding the provision for temporary protection, the exclusivity deriving
from the patent pursuant to article 5 shall be effective only from the date of the
granting of the respective certificate.
(Rights conferred by the patent)
1. Upon becoming valid, the patent shall confer on its holder:
a) The exclusive right to exploit the invention in the Territory;
b) The right to oppose any acts that constitute a breach of his patent, and specifically
to prevent third parties, without his consent, from manufacturing, offering, storing,
marketing or using a product covered by the patent, or importing or owning the same
for any of the mentioned purposes.
2. The rights conferred by the patent may not exceed the scope defined for the
claims.
3. The patent shall be granted with no guarantee as to the accuracy of the descriptions
and its validity may not be presumed by virtue of the fact that the respective certificate
was granted.
(Limitation on the rights conferred by the patent)
The rights conferred by the patent shall not include:
a) The preparation of medicines made up on the spot and for individual cases
by dispensing chemists on a medical prescription, nor acts relative to medicines
so prepared;
b) Acts performed exclusively for test or experimental purposes, including experiments
in preparation for the administrative processes necessary for the approval of products
by the relevant official bodies, because the industrial or commercial exploitation
of those products cannot begin before checking whether the patent protecting them
has lapsed;
c) The use on board ships of other countries or territories members of the WTO
or the Union of the subject matter of the patented invention in the body of the
ship, in the machinery, in the masting, equipment and other accessories, when they
temporarily or accidentally enter the waters of the Territory, inasmuch as the said
invention is used exclusively for the needs of the ship;
d) The use of the subject matter of the patented invention either in the construction
or operation of air or land transport vehicles of other countries or territories
members of the WTO or the Union or of accessories on those vehicles, when they temporarily
or accidentally enter in the Territory;
e) The acts envisaged in article 27 of the Convention of 7 December 1944 relative
to International Civil Aviation, if these acts concern aircrafts of another State
but to which the provisions of the said article apply;
f) The acts performed in the context of private use, having no commercial purpose.
(Non-contravention of the patent)
1. The rights conferred by the patent shall not be deemed to have been convened
by anyone who, in good faith, in the Territory and before the date of application
or of priority, when claimed:
a) Came to know of the invention by his own means; and
b) Used it or made effective and serious preparations with a view to such use.
2. Anyone benefiting from the assumption of non-contravention shall bare the
onus of proof of the situations foreseen in the previous paragraph.
3. Prior use or the preparations for such use, based on the disclosures referred
to in article
68(1(a)) shall not detract from good faith.
4. In the cases envisaged in paragraph 1, the beneficiary shall be entitled to
continue or to begin use of the invention, to the extent of his prior knowledge,
for the purposes of his own enterprise, but may transmit it only together with the
commercial establishment in which the invention is used.
USE OF THE PATENT
(Indication of the patent)
During the validity of the patent, the patent-holder may, on the products, use
the word "patented", "patent Nș." or "Pat. Nș.", in Portuguese or also in Chinese.
(Loss and expropriation of the patent)
1. Anyone can be legally deprived of a patent who has to meet commitments contracted
with another or who has had it expropriated for a public purpose.
2. Any patent can, on payment of compensation, be expropriated to be used for
the public good if the need to disclose the invention or to make it available for
use by public entities so demands.
3. The terms of the Statute of Expropriation for the Public Good, pursuant
to Decree-Law no. 43/97/M, of October 20 1997 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
(Mandatory licences - admissibility)
By ruling of the Governor, mandatory non-exclusive licences can be granted for
a certain patent in any of the following cases:
a) No or inadequate exploitation of the patented invention;
b) Interdependence of patents;
c) For reasons of public interest.
(Mandatory licences - general rules)
1. Mandatory licences can be granted only when the potential licensee has made
efforts to obtain a contractual licence from the patent-holder on acceptable commercial
terms and such efforts have not been successful within a reasonable period.
2. While a mandatory licence is in force, the patent-holder cannot be compelled
to grant another licence before the mandatory licence has been cancelled.
3. The holder of the patent for which a mandatory licence is issued shall be
entitled to:
a) An appropriate remuneration in each concrete case, bearing in mind the economic
value of the licence;
b) Request the judicial revision of the decision to grant or refuse such remuneration.
4. Mandatory licences may be assigned only with the part of the company or of
the establishment that exploits them.
5. The title-holder of a patent in respect of which a mandatory licence has been
issued shall, when granting the licence, provide the licensee with all the elements
of a technical nature of which he is aware at that moment and that are necessary
for the exploitation of the invention.
(Mandatory licences issued in the case of no or inadequate exploitation of the
patent)
1. If a patent is not or is inadequately exploited, there shall lie grounds to
apply for a mandatory licence if the patent-holder, without good or legal reason,
by 4 years from the date of the patent application or 3 years from the date of the
granting, whichever the longer:
a) Has not begun exploitation or made effective preparations to that end, nor
granted licences for the patented invention in the Territory or in any other country
or territory member of WTO;
b) Has not exploited the invention in such a way that the results satisfy the
market requirements in the Territory.
2. Another ground for requesting a mandatory licence shall be the patent-holder's
failing, without good legal reason, to exploit the invention, either in Macao or
in any other country or territory member of WTO, during 3 consecutive years.
3. Good reasons shall be deemed to be objective difficulties of a technical or
legal nature, independent of the will and situation of the patent-holder, that make
it impossible to exploit or sufficiently exploit the invention, but not economic
or financial difficulties.
(Interdependent licences)
1. When the exploitation of an invention protected by a patent is not possible
without damaging the rights conferred by a prior patent, the mandatory licence may
be granted only if the subsequent invention represents a notable technical progress
over the prior invention.
2. Once the mandatory licence has been granted, either of the licence-holders
shall be entitled to request a mandatory licence on the patent of the other.
(Public interest)
1. A mandatory licence for the exploitation of an invention can be granted in
the public interest.
2. Public interest is deemed to obtain when the beginning, the increase or the
generalization of the exploitation of the invention or the improvement of the conditions
in which the invention is exploited are of primordial importance for public health
or safety.
(Application for mandatory licences)
1. Application for the granting of a mandatory licence shall be filed with the
DES, accompanied by the necessary elements proving the respective grounds.
2. Applications for mandatory licences shall be examined in the order in which
they are filed with the DES.
3. Once the DES has received the application for a mandatory licence, it shall
notify the patentholder in order that, within 2 months, he/it may state what he/it
wishes to do, submitting the respective proof.
4. The DES shall then have 2 months to analyze the arguments advanced by the
parties and the guarantees offered by the applicant for the mandatory licence that
it will exploit the invention, to prepare the corresponding opinion and to submit
the proceedings for the Governor's decision, which shall be handed down within 1
month.
5. When the mandatory licence application is based on the public interests referred
to in the previous article, the process shall be submitted to the Governor's appreciation
only after having obtained the opinion of the Science, Technology and Innovation
Committee and, if applicable, of the Health Services of Macao or of the Directorate
of the Macao Security Services, and after the title-holder has had a chance to take
a stand on the tenor of those opinions.
6. The deadlines for the issue of the opinions and the patent-holder's answer,
under the terms of the previous paragraph, shall be set by the DES at 1 to 3 months.
7. If the application is deferred, the DES shall appoint an expert and notify
both parties in order that, within 1 month, they name their experts, it then being
up to the three experts, within 2 months, to agree on the conditions of the mandatory
licence and the remuneration to be paid to the patent-holder.
(Cancellation and reappreciation of the mandatory licence)
1. The mandatory licence can be cancelled if:
a) The licensee does not abide by the conditions imposed on granting or the purposes
for which it was granted;
b) The circumstances on which the granting was based no longer obtain and are
unlikely to be repeated.
2. The initiative to introduce proceedings to cancel the licence shall lie with
the DES, with the patent-holder and, where applicable, with the other licensees.
3. The patent-holder shall be entitled, with good reason, to request the reappreciation
of the conditions and circumstances under which the mandatory licence was granted.
(Notification and appeal with respect to the granting, refusal or cancellation
of licence)
1. The DES shall notify the parties of the granting and respective exploitation
conditions, as well as of the refusal or cancellation of the licence.
2. Appeal to the competent civil court shall, within 3 months of the date of
the notification, lie against the decision by the Governor to grant, refuse or revoke
the mandatory licence, or just against the conditions on which it was granted.
3. The granting shall take effect only after the decision has become final and
has been registered by the DES and after proof of payment of the fees due have been
produced, as if it were an ordinary licence.
4. An extract of the registration referred to in the previous paragraph shall
be published in the Official Bulletin.
(Public tender for the exploitation of an invention)
1. A patent-holder, as indeed a patent applicant that has already complied with
the obligation referred to in article 86(1) but has still not granted an exclusive
licence to exploit the invention, may submit to the DES a written declaration by
which he makes the exploitation of the invention available to third parties as
non-exclusive licensees, gratuitously or for appropriate consideration.
2. If no agreement can be reached on the initial amount of the consideration,
or on the terms according to which it should be altered if it has proven manifestly
inadequate, it shall, if the parties so desire, be set by arbitration or by the
court.
3. The party making the declaration may withdraw it at any time by submitting
an application to the DES, but this cannot be used against persons whose agreement
to exploit the invention has already been communicated to the applicant or patent-holder.
4. The declaration shall lapse on the right to the patent being recognized by
a court decision as belonging to someone other than the party making the declaration.
5. Until such time as the declaration has been withdrawn or declared lapsed,
the DES shall refuse entry in the register of any exclusive licences relating to
the invention in question.
6. The DES shall not charge any fee for the publication of the public declaration
of tender, nor for notices of the withdrawal or lapse thereof.
7. Until such time as the declaration has been withdrawn or declared lapsed,
any fees that may be due for the patents or patent applications subject to public tender for exploitation
shall be reduced or subject to exemption pursuant to the terms set in the ruling
referred to article 42(2).
EXPIRY OF THE PATENT
(Nullity of patents)
Besides the general causes of nullity of industrial property rights foreseen
in article 47, the following shall also constitute grounds for nullity of patents:
a) The fact that the title or short title given to the invention includes different
subject matter;
b) The fact that the subject matter is not described in such a way as to allow
the execution of the invention by a person skilled in the art;
c) The extension of the subject matter of the patent beyond the content of the
initial application.
(Partial nullity or cancellation)
1. One or more claims may be declared null or cancelled, but a claim cannot be
decreed partially nullified or cancelled.
2. If a patent is declared nullified or partially nullified, it shall remain
in force in its remaining parts whenever they can constitute subject matter of an
independent patent.
UTILITY MODELS
(Subject of protection)
1. Under the present Statute, only inventions that so alter a subject matter
as to give it a configuration, structure, mechanism or disposition that increases
its utility or improves the advantage that can be derived therefrom can be protected
as utility models,.
2. Inventions whose protection is applied for as a utility model shall meet the
patentability requirements foreseen in the previous section, with the exception
of those which are not compatible with their nature as referred to in the previous
paragraph.
3. The applicant shall have the option, simultaneously or successively, of applying
for an invention patent or a utility model for an invention that can be protected
as a utility model.
4. The utility model shall cease to be effective once an invention patent has
been granted for the same invention.
(Duration and renewal)
1. The duration of the utility model shall be 6 years from the date of submission
of the application and shall be renewable for two additional periods of 2 years
each.
2. The renewal request shall be submitted in the last 6 months of the current
validity period.
3. The duration of the utility model cannot exceed 10 years from the date of
presentation of the respective request.
(Indication of the utility model)
During the term of the patent, its holder may, on the products use the expressions
referred to in article 107 or else the expressions, "Utility model No." or "Utility
Mod. No.", in Portuguese or the equivalent in Chinese.
(Fees due for the utility model)
1. The fees due in respect of a utility model granting and revalidation procedure
shall be those due for the corresponding acts in respect of an invention patent
reduced by 40%.
2. The fees due for the renewal of a utility model shall be set in the ruling
referred to in article 37(1).
(Redemption)
In all matters not contrary to the provisions of the present section, the provisions
of the previous section shall apply to utility models, mutatis mutandis, and the
examination report request or the documents in the stead thereof shall be submitted
within 4 years of the date of the request.
THE COMPLEMENTARY CERTIFICATE FOR THE PROTECTION OF MEDICINES AND PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
(Certificate request)
1. The application for a complementary protection certificate for medicines and
for phytopharmaceutical products, hereinafter briefly called the complementary certificate, shall be made in writing in the official language of the Territory indicating the name
or corporate style of the applicant, his/its nationality and domicile or location
and shall be accompanied by the following items:
a) The patent number and the title of the invention protected by that patent;
b) The number and date of the first authorization to place the product on the
market in Macao.
2. The application shall be accompanied by a copy of the first authorization
to place the product on the market in Macao in order to identify the product, and
which shall include the number and the date of the authorization as well as a summary
of the characteristics of the product.
(Examination and publication of the request)
1. Once the application has been submitted to the DES, the respective formal
examination is conducted in order to ensure that it was submitted within the deadline
and that it meets the conditions set forth in the previous article.
2. If the application for a complementary certificate and the product in respect
of which the application is being filed meet the conditions foreseen in the applicable
law and those set in the present Statute, the DES will grant the complementary certificate
and have the application published in the Official Bulletin.
3. If the application for a complementary certificate does not meet the conditions
referred to in the previous paragraph, the DES will notify the applicant, requiring
it within 2 months to rectify the irregularities or inadequacies found.
4. When, from the answer given by the applicant, the DES sees that the application
for a complementary certificate meets the required conditions, it will have the
application for the complementary certificate and the respective granting published
in the Official Bulletin.
5. If the applicant does not comply with the notification mentioned in paragraph
3, the application will be refused and the application will be published in the
Official Bulletin together with the refusal notice.
6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 3, the complementary certificate
will be refused if the application or the product to which it refers does not meet
the conditions foreseen in the present Statute and in any other applicable legislation
and the application will be published in the Official Bulletin together with the
refusal notice.
7. The publication shall comprise, at least, the following indications:
a) The name and domicile or location of the applicant;
b) The patent number;
c) The title of the invention;
d) The number and date of the authorization to place the product on the market
in Macao, as well as identification of the product in respect of which the authorization
was issued;
e) The period of validity of the complementary certificate or the refusal notice,
as appropriate.
(Duration of the complementary certificate)
The duration of the complementary certificate may not exceed by more than 7 years
the term of the patent in respect of which is granted.
(Extinction of the complementary certificate)
The complementary certificate shall be declared null or expired, partially null
or cancelled to the extent that the patent in respect of which it was issued be
so declared.
EXTENSION OF PATENTS GRANTED ABROAD
EUROPEAN PATENTS
(Extension of European applications and patents)
1. The applicant for a European patent and the holder of a European patent, processed
according to the rules of the European Patent Convention, signed in Munich on 5
October 1963, may request the extension of the application or of the patent to Macao.
2. The DES shall publish extension applications in the Official Bulletin as soon
as received from the European Patent Office, but never until 18 months have elapsed
from the date the patent request was filed or, if a priority right be invoked, from
the date of the first relevant application.
3. The extension applications may be freely withdrawn.
(Effects of the European patent application)
1. A regularly formulated European patent application shall in the Territory
have the same legal effects as a Macao patent application, including with respect
to priority rights.
2. The European patent shall be guaranteed the temporary protection foreseen
in article 7 from the date the DES makes accessible to the public a translation
of the respective claims in one of the official languages of the Territory, accompanied
by a copy of the drawings.
3. The DES shall, after the party concerned has submitted the items referred
to in the previous paragraph, proceed to publish the extension notice in the Official
Bulletin.
4. From the date of publication of the notice referred to in the previous paragraph,
anyone may take cognizance of the text of the translation and obtain reproductions
thereof.
(Effects of the European patent)
1. A European patent extended to Macao shall have the same legal effects as a
patent granted in Macao starting from the date of granting by the European Patent
Office, provided that the formalities foreseen in the present article are observed.
2. Within 3 months following the publication of the notice of the granting of
the patent in the European Patent Bulletin, the patent- holder shall provide the
DES with a translation, in one of the official languages of the Territory, of the
title or short title briefly describing the subject matter of the invention, the
description of the subject matter of the invention and the claims and shall pay
the relative fee for publication in the Official Bulletin.
3. If, during the course of the opposition phase, any modification is found in
the elements referred to in the previous paragraph, the patent-holder shall, within
3 months from the date of the corresponding publication in the European Patent Bulletin:
a) Provide the DES with the translation of such modifications in one of the official
languages of the Territory;
b) Pay the relevant fee for publication in the Official Bulletin.
4. The DES shall then, as soon as possible, publish the extension notice in the
Official Bulletin together with the translations submitted in compliance with paragraphs
2 and 3.
5. The patent extension application shall be declared null and void if the necessary
translations are not provided or the fees due not paid within the set deadline.
6. If the European patent be declared null, partially null or cancelled by the
European Patent Office, in accordance with the applicable procedures, the respective
extension to Macao shall also be invalidated.
(Original text and translations)
1. If the applicant or the holder of a European patent has neither domicile
nor registered office in Macao, the translations of the texts shall be done under
the responsibility of an authorized or accredited official agent or an agent registered
with the DES.
2. When a translation has been submitted in one of the official languages of
the Territory in accordance with the terms of the preceding articles, that translation
shall be considered authentic if the European application or patent, in the translated
text, provides a lesser degree of protection than that conferred by the same application
or patent in the language used in the proceedings.
3. If the translation published in the Official Bulletin is republished because
of some error therein, anyone who, in good faith, may have exploited the invention or made
serious preparations to that end without violating the claims in the patent application or patent
being corrected, may benefit from the provisions of article 106..
4. The revision of the translation shall become effective only from the moment
in which it is made accessible to the public by the DES and the respective fee has
been paid.
(Prohibition of dual protection)
1. A Macao patent the subject matter of which is an invention for which a European
patent has already been granted to the same inventor, or with his consent, with
the same date of filing or priority, shall cease to have effect as from:
a) The date on which the time limit for filing oppositions against the European
patent expires, provide no opposition has been filed;
b) The termination of opposition proceedings, if the European patent is upheld.
2. If the Macao patent is granted after either of the dates indicated in sub-paragraphs
(a) and (b) of the previous paragraph, it shall not take effect and the relevant
notice shall be published in the Official Bulletin.
3. The subsequent termination of the European patent shall not affect the provisions
of the previous paragraphs.
(Extension and renewal fees)
1. The extension of a patent application or of a patent under the terms of the
present section shall be subject to the payment of an extension fee to be paid to
the European Patent Office in the deadlines and on the terms set in the European
Patent Convention.
2. For all the European patents extended to Macao, the renewal fees applicable
to Macao patents shall be due within the deadlines set in the present Statute.
OTHER PATENTS
(Redemption)
The provisions of the previous sub-section shall apply accordingly to patent
applications filed with other designated entities in respect of article 85, as well
as to the patents granted by those entities.
SEMICONDUCTOR TOPOGRAPHY PRODUCTS
SUBJECT MATTER OF PROTECTION
(Subject matter of protection)
1. Under the present Statute only the topographies of semiconductor products
resulting from the intellectual effort of the creator and not known in the semiconductors
industry can be protected by the granting of a topography registration certificate.
2. Likewise, topographies that comprise elements known in the semiconductor industry
and the combination of whose elements taken together meet the conditions envisaged
in the previous sub-paragraph shall also enjoy legal protection.
3. The protection shall cover only the configuration of electronic circuits,
to the exclusion of any idea, process, system, technique or codified information
incorporate into the topography.
(Definition of semiconductor product)
For the purposes of the protection conferred by the present Statute, a semiconductor
product shall be understood as being the final or intermediate form of any product
that, cumulatively:
a) Consists of a material body that includes a layer of semiconductor material;
b) Possesses one or more layers composed of conductive, insulating or semiconducting
material, the layers being disposed in accordance with a predetermined three-dimensional
model;
c) Is designed to carry out an electronic function either alone or together with
other functions.
(Definition of semiconductor product topography)
The topography of a semiconductor product is the group of related images, either
fixed or codified, represented by the three-dimensional layout of the layers of
which the product is composed, and in which each image has the layout or part of
the layout of a surface of the same product, in any phase of its manufacture.
OTHER PROVISIONS
(Temporary limitations on the exercise of the right)
The right to register a semiconductor product topography cannot be exercised
if:
a) 2 years have already elapsed since the first commercial exploitation of the
topography anywhere;
b) 15 years have already elapsed since the topography was fixed or codified for
the first time, if it was never exploited.
(Additional elements of the application)
In addition to the other elements required, the applicant to register a topography
shall also indicate in the application:
a) The date on which the topography was fixed or codified for the first time;
b) Whether the topography has already been commercially exploited and, if so,
the date on which that exploitation began.
(Grounds for refusing to register a topography)
1. A topography registration application shall be refused when:
a) Any of the general grounds for refusing the granting of industrial property
rights is found as referred to in article 9(1);
b) The application is not filed in good time, in breach of the deadlines set
in article 139.
2. The grounds for refusal referred to in article 9(1) may be used against the
applicant only if it is apparent from the examination report that the topography
cannot be registered, or if it was not possible to reach any conclusion on whether
it could be registered because the items filed with the application did not permit
any conclusion to be reached because they were inadequate, irregular, contradictory
or confused.
(Duration)
The registration shall last 10 years from the date of the respective application
or from the date on which the topography was exploited for the first time anywhere,
whichever the sooner.
(Rights conferred by registration)
1. The registration of the topography shall confer on the holder the right to
make exclusive use of the topography throughout the Territory by producing, manufacturing,
selling or exploiting it or the items in which it is applied, together with the
obligation to do so effectively and in keeping with the needs of the market.
2. The registration of the topography shall furthermore confer on the holder
the right to authorize or to prohibit any of the following acts:
a) The reproduction of the protected topography;
b) The import, sale or distribution in any other form for commercial purposes
of a protected topography, of a semiconductor product into which is incorporated
a protected topography, or an article into which is incorporated a semiconductor
product of that type, to the extent and only to the extent that it continues to
include a topography reproduced illegally.
(Limitation on the rights conferred by the registration)
1. The rights conferred by the registration of the topography shall not include:
a) The private reproduction of a topography for non-commercial purposes;
b) Reproduction for the purpose of analysis, evaluation or teaching;
c) The creation of a different topography, starting from the analysis or evaluation
referred to in the previous sub-paragraph, that could in turn benefit from the protection
foreseen in the present Statute;
d) The performance of any of the acts referred to in article 143(2), in relation
to a semiconductor product in which is incorporate an illegally reproduced topography
or any article in which is incorporate a semiconductor product of that type, if
the person that performed or ordered the performance of those acts neither knew
nor should have known on acquiring the semiconductor product or the article into
which that semiconductor product was incorporated, that the said article incorporated
an illegally reproduced topography.
2. Once the person referred to in sub-paragraph 1(d) has received enough information
to indicate that the topography was reproduced illegally, that person can perform
any of the acts in question in relation to the products in his possession or ordered
up to that moment, but must pay the holder of the registration an amount equivalent
to an appropriate royalty such as could be demanded under the protection of a licence
freely negotiated in relation to a topography of that type.
(Indication of the registration)
During the validity of the registration, the holder may mark semiconductor products
manufactured by the use of protected topographies with a capital letter "T", in
one of the following forms:
(Mandatory exploitation licence)
The provisions of articles 109 to 116 shall apply to the topographies of semiconductor
products only when the mandatory licences have a public, non-commercial purpose.
(Nullity of the topography registration)
In addition to the general causes of nullity of industrial property rights foreseen
in article 47, semiconductor product topographies registrations may also be declared null and
void because:
a) The title or short title given to the invention includes different subject
matter;
b) The subject matter is not described in such a way as to permit the execution
of the topography by a person skilled in the art;
c) The subject matter of the registration extends beyond the content of the initial
application.
(Partial nullity or cancellation)
1. One or more claims may be declared null or cancelled, but a claim cannot be
decreed partially nullified or cancelled.
2. If a topography registration is declared nullified or partially nullified,
it shall remain in force in its remaining parts whenever they can constitute subject
matter of an independent topography registration.
(Referral)
Provided that they are not incompatible with the nature of semiconductor product
topographies, the provisions of section I of the previous chapter shall apply thereto,
with the special considerations set forth in the present chapter.
INDUSTRIAL MODELS AND DESIGNS
SUBJECT MATTER OF PROTECTION
(Subject matter of protection)
Subject matter that may be protected under the present Statute, by the registration
of an industrial model or design shall be limited to creations whose appearance
represents a product in whole or in part by virtue of such characteristics as lines,
contours, colours, forms, textures and/or the materials used in the product itself
and/or its ornamentation and which meet the requirements set forth in the present
section.
(Product definition)
1. For the purposes of the previous article, a product shall be considered any
industrial or crafted article, including, inter alia, the components for assembling a complex
product, the packing, the presentation elements, the graphic symbols and the typographic
characters, but excluding computer programs.
2. By complex product shall be understood any article composed of multiple components which can be removed therefrom for the purpose of stripping it and inserted into
it for the purpose of reassembling it.
(Requirements for registration)
1. Industrial models and designs may be registered which:
a) Are novel;
b) Are unique.
2. The innovative nature of the industrial model or design shall not be diminished
if, although not entirely novel, it involves novel combinations of known elements
or a different layout of already used elements, that endow the respective subject
matter with a unique character.
(Novelty)
1. The industrial model or design shall be considered novel if, prior to the
respective registration or priority application, no identical industrial model or
design was published within or outside the Territory.
2. Industrial models or designs that differ only in insignificant details shall
be considered identical.
(Unique character)
1. An industrial model or design shall be considered to be unique in character
if the global impression that it gives to the informed user differs from the global
impression caused that user by any industrial model or design published prior to
the date of the registration application or claimed priority.
2. In appreciating the uniqueness of the character, account shall be taken of
the degree of freedom that the creator had to create the industrial model or design.
(Industrial models or designs incorporated into components)
1. An industrial model or design applied to or incorporated into a product that
constitutes a component of a complex product shall be considered novel and unique
in character:
a) If it can reasonably be considered that even after being incorporated into
the complex product, it will continue to be visible during the normal use of the
complex product; and
b) To the extent that the visible characteristics of that component itself meets
the requirements of novelty and uniqueness of character.
2. For the purposes of the provision in sub-paragraph (a) above, normal use shall
be understood as any use different from conservation, maintenance or repair.
(Exceptions to and limitations on registration)
1. Registration shall not protect:
a) The visible characteristics of a product resulting exclusively from its technical
function; and
b) The visible characteristics of a product that must necessarily be reproduced
in its exact form and dimensions so that the product into which the industrial model
or design is to be incorporated, or in which it is applied, be it mechanically connected
to the other product, or be it inserted within, around or against that other product,
can both perform their function.
2. Notwithstanding the provision of sub-paragraph (b) above and provided that
the requirements of innovation and uniqueness have been met, the registration of
an industrial model or design is possible if its purpose is to permit a multiple
assembly of interchangeable products or their interconnection to form a modular
system.
(Disclosure)
1. For the purposes of articles 153 and 155, an industrial model or design shall
be considered to have been disclosed if it has been published, presented in an exhibition,
used in trade or made known in any other way, except if these facts could not reasonably
have come to the knowledge of persons operating in Macao and skilled in the art
in question in the course of their normal activity, before the date of filing of
the registration application or priority claim.
2. The industrial model or design shall, however, not be considered disclosed
by the simple fact of being made know to a third party in explicit or implicit confidence.
(Non-opposable disclosures)
1. For the purposes of articles 153 and 155, no account shall be taken of any
disclosure if the industrial model or design for which registration is sought was
disclosed:
a) By the creator, by his successor or by a third party, as the result of information
they provided or measures they took;
b) At an official or officially recognized international exhibition under the
terms of the Convention relating to International Exhibitions, signed in Paris on
22 November 1928, at Portuguese or official international courses, exhibitions and
fairs, or those officially recognized in any of the countries or territories members
of WTO or of the Union during the 12 months preceding the date of filing of the
registration application or, where a priority is being claimed, on the priority
date;
c) As the result of an abuse of the creator or his successor.
2. Proof of the non-opposability of the disclosure, pursuant to sub-paragraphs
(a) and (b) above, shall be brought by the applicant within 3 months from the date of filing
of the registration application.
RIGHT TO REGISTER INDUSTRIAL MODELS AND DESIGNS
(Right to register)
1. The right to register shall lie with the creator or his successors in any
capacity.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions governing copyright, the provisions of articles
70 to 76 shall apply to the registration of industrial models or designs.
THE REGISTRATION PROCEDURE FOR INDUSTRIAL MODELS AND DESIGNS
(Form of application)
1. The application to register an industrial model or design shall be filed in
writing in an official language of the Territory, indicating the name or commercial
style of the applicant, his/its nationality and domicile or location and shall be
accompanied by the following items, in triplicate:
a) The title or short title designating the industrial model or design that it
is wished to register or the purpose for which it is intended, as appropriate;
b) The name and country or territory in which the creator resides;
c) A photolithograph or any other medium that may be demanded by the DES, bearing
a reproduction of the object whose industrial model or design it is wished to register;
d) The priority right claim, if applicable, pursuant to article 17(3).
2. Fantasy expressions used to designate the industrial model or design shall
not constitute subject matter for protection.
(Complementary elements of the application)
1. The application for the registration of industrial models or designs should
be accompanied by the following items:
a) A description of the innovative characteristic attributed to the subject matter
whose industrial model or design it is wished to register;
b) Drawings or photographs of the said subject matter;
2. If appropriate, the registration application shall further be accompanied
by:
a) The request for stay of publication of the application;
b) The document proving authorization of the holder's copyright when the industrial
model or design was reproduced from a work of art not in the public domain or, in
general, of the copyright of the actual author, if he is not the applicant;
c) The documents proving the priority right claimed.
3. The description of the novel characteristics attributed to the subject matter
whose industrial model or design it is wished to register shall be written on the
applicant's own printed paper, containing a detailed explanation of the geometric
or ornamental aspect of the subject matter and should preferably not contain more
than 150 words or 400 characters.
4. The DES can request or the applicant may of his own initiative submit the
actual subject matter or other perspective photographs that help to form a more
exact idea of the industrial model or design.
5. In applications for the registration of a design, when a combination of colours
is claimed, the drawings or pictures shall show the colours claimed.
6. The stay of the publication referred to in sub-paragraph 2(a) shall not exceed
30 months from the filing date of the application or claimed priority.
(Unity of application and of registration of industrial model or design)
1. The same application cannot request more than one registration and each industrial
model or design shall form the subject matter of a separate registration.
2. Industrial models or designs that constitute the various indispensable parts
to form a whole shall be included in a single registration.
(Multiple applications)
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous article, industrial models
or designs that possess the same preponderant distinctive characteristics may be
included in a single registration, up to a maximum of 10, in such a way as to constitute
a group of interrelated objects for the purpose of their use or application.
2. In the case referred to in the previous paragraph, the group shall constitute
an indissociable whole, resulting in a single registration that cannot be separately
or partially assigned.
3. The drawings or photographs of the industrial models or designs referred to
in paragraph 1 above shall be numbered sequentially, in accordance with the total
number of objects that it is wished to include in the same application.
(Examination as to form)
1. Once the application has been received, the DES will proceed to its formal
examination within 1 month, to verify that it complies with the requirements of
articles 160 to 163.
2. If the application lacks any of the required items, or should any of them
not be in order, the applicant shall rectify that situation within 2 months from
the notification that the DES will send it to that effect or, where no such notification
is given, within a maximum of 3 months from the filing of the application, both
of which deadlines may be extended by 1 additional month, on a founded request.
3. Article 82(3) to (6) shall apply accordingly.
4. If the applicant fails to rectify the irregularities referred to within the
set deadline, the application shall be refused and the respective notice published
in the Official Bulletin.
(Notice of public disclosure)
1. Once 12 months have elapsed from the date of filing the application or, if
a priority right was claimed, from the claimed date, the DES will have the disclosure
notice published in the Official Bulletin and the application proceedings shall
be available to the public from that date.
2. The proceedings may be published before the end of the period referred to
in the previous paragraph, if the applicant so requests, and provided that:
a) At least 2 months have elapsed since the filing of the registration application;
b) The application is not pending rectification, as indicated in the previous
article;
c) The early publication fee has been paid.
(Opposition)
1. Starting from the publication of the disclosure notice, and up to the date
the registration is granted, any third party may approach the DES, in writing, opposing
the registration of the industrial model or design in respect of which the application
was filed.
2. The oppositions shall be transmitted to the applicant, who may respond within
2 months from the notification of such opposition.
(Examination report and designated entities)
1. The examination report on the industrial model or design, to be compiled by
one of the designated entities, shall be based on a reproduction of the subject
matter whose industrial model or design it is wished to register, or pictures or
drawings thereof or the subject matter itself, if appropriate, and its purpose shall
be to appreciate whether it meets the requirements for registration.
2. Article 85(2) and (3) shall apply accordingly.
(Examination of the industrial model or design)
The provisions of article 86 shall apply accordingly to industrial models and
designs, except for the deadline by which some of the elements should be submitted
as referred to in paragraph 1 thereof, which shall be 30 months.
(Request for examination report by third parties)
1. Starting from the date of public disclosure of the registration application
proceedings, anyone may request the conduct of the examination report referred to
in the previous article, if the applicant has not yet done so, up to 30 months from
the date of filing of the registration application. 2. Article 87(2) shall apply
accordingly.
(Rejection of the examination request and amendments - renunciation)
The provisions of articles 88 and 89 shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to industrial
models and designs.
(Rectification following the examination report)
1. If the designated entity does not follow up on the examination report, the
DES shall transmit this decision to the applicant and this notification shall substitute
the examination report for purpose of granting the registration.
2. The DES shall also inform the applicant of the impossibility of producing
the examination report when the designated entity considers that:
a) The description, drawings, photographs and other similar elements do not meet
the established requirements, so that it cannot conduct a substantial search;
b) The subject matter of the registration application is such as not to fall
within the category of an industrial model or design capable of being registered,
or that it is not obliged, for other reasons, to proceed with the search.
3. In the case referred to in the previous paragraph, the applicant shall have
a 2 month deadline in which to rectify the deficiencies in the registration application,
and to reapply for the examination report.
4. If, after reapplying for the examination report, the designated entity reiterates
that it is not able to change its conclusion with respect to the registration application
that has been rectified, the applicant may submit a founded objection.
5. The objection referred to in the previous paragraph shall not be admitted
if it has been shown that the industrial model or design could not be registered or if it is
not submitted in the deadline set for the purpose by the DES or, where no such deadline
was set, by the end of the period referred to article 169(1).
(Divisible applications, multiple priorities and withdrawal of application -
renunciation)
The provisions of articles 91 to 93 and 96 shall apply, mutatis mutandis to industrial
models and designs.
(Grounds for refusing to register a de sign or model)
The registration of a design or model shall be refused when:
a) Any of the general grounds for refusal to grant industrial property rights
obtains pursuant to article 9(1);
b) A distinctive sign is used where there exist legal provisions conferring the
right to prohibit the use thereof in the industrial model or design;
c) The industrial model or design constitutes an unauthorized use of a work protected
by copyright;
d) The industrial model or design constitutes an improper use of any of the elements
enumerated in article 6ter of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property, or of any other badges, emblems and hallmarks not included in that Convention
but that are of particular public interest to the Territory.
(Partial granting)
1. If it is just a question of deleting sentences from the description, altering
the title or short title, or removing some of the subject matter from the application
itself to comply with the notification, the DES may effect such amendments and have
the application granting notice published in the Official Bulletin if the applicant
does not expressly raise any opposition within 1 month of the said notification.
2. The publication of the notice mentioned in the previous paragraph, with the
transcription of the abstract shall indicate the amendments made.
(Notification of granting or refusal of registration)
The granting or refusal of the registration shall be notified pursuant to article
20(2) and (3) and published in the Official Bulletin.
THE EFFECTS OF REGISTRATION OF INDUSTRIAL MODELS AND DESIGNS
(Duration)
1. The duration of the registration shall be 5 years from the date of the application,
renewable for like periods up to the 25 year limit.
2. Renewals as referred to in the previous paragraph shall be requested during
the last 6 months of validity of the registration.
(Rights conferred by registration)
1. Once valid, the registration of an industrial model or design shall confer
on its holder the exclusive right to use the model or design and to prohibit its
use by third parties without his consent.
2. The use referred to in the previous paragraph shall include, especially, the
offering, placing on the market, import, export or use of a product into which that
industrial model or design is incorporated, or to which it is applied, as well as
the storage of that product for the same ends.
3. The validity of the registration shall not be presumed from the act the granting
the respective certificate.
(Limitation on the rights conferred by the registration)
The rights conferred by the registration shall not include:
a) Acts for experimental purposes;
b) Acts of reproduction for reference or for educational purposes, provided that
they are compatible with fair trading practices, do not unduly prejudice the normal
exploitation of the industrial model or design and mention the source;
c) Equipment on board ships and aircraft registered in another country or territory,
when they transit temporarily through the Territory;
d) The import of spare parts and accessories for repairing the ships and aircraft
referred to in the previous sub-paragraph, as well as the performance of such repairs;
e) Acts performed in the private sphere, with no commercial purpose.
(Relationship with copyrights)
The effects of the registration of the industrial model or design shall not prejudice
the protection conferred by copyright law from the date on which the industrial
model or design was created or defined in any form.
THE USE OF DRAWINGS AND MODELS
(Indication of the industrial model or design)
During the validity of the registration its holder may, on the products, use
the expression "design or model No.", or the abbreviations " D M No.", in Portuguese
or else the equivalent Chinese expression (...).
(Inalterability of the designs or models)
1. For as long as the registration remains in effect, the designs or models shall
be considered inalterable.
2. The enlargement or reduction of the scale shall not affect the inalterability
of the designs or models.
(Alterations of details of drawings or models)
1. One or more new registrations may be made of amendments made by the holder
of the registration to the drawings or models that merely alter details of little
importance.
2. The registration or registrations referred to in the previous paragraph shall
be annotated on the initial certificate and on all the registration certificates
acquired under the same provision.
3. Drawings and models modified under the terms of the present article shall
fall into the public domain on termination of the validity of the respective registration.
EXPIRY OF REGISTRATION OF INDUSTRIAL MODELS AND DESIGNS
(Nullity of the registration of industrial models or designs)
Besides the general causes of nullity of industrial property rights foreseen
in article 47, a further cause of nullity of the registration of an industrial model
or design shall be the fact that it is identical to a previous design or model,
disclosed after the date of the registration or priority application, and which
is protected from a prior date.
(Nullity of the registration of designs or models)
Registrations of designs or models may be cancelled in the cases foreseen in
article 48 and, moreover, when:
a) A distinctive sign is used in a subsequent design or model and the provisions
regulating that sign confer the right to prohibit such use;
b) The industrial model or design constitutes an unauthorized use of a work protected
by copyrights;
c) The industrial model or design constitutes an improper use of any of the elements
enumerated in article 6ter of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property, or of other badges, emblems and hallmarks not included in article 6ter
of the said Convention that are of particular public interest in Macao.
(Design or model registration refused, declared null or cancelled)
1. If the registration of an industrial model or design has been refused under
article 9(1(a)) or article 173(b), or declared null or cancelled, it can nevertheless
still be registered, or the respective right maintained in an altered form, provided
that:
a) Its identity be maintained; and
b) The necessary alterations be made in such a way as to meet the requirements
of the present chapter.
2. The registration or maintenance in an altered form referred to in the previous
paragraph may include the registration application accompanied by a declaration
whereby the holder partially renounces the right to the industrial model or design,
or the annotation in the respective proceedings of a court decision whereby the
partial nullity of the right to the industrial model or design is declared.
PRIOR PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL MODELS AND DESIGNS
(Subject matter of the application for prior protection)
An application for prior protection may be filed in respect of industrial models
or designs of textile or clothing, as well as those of any other industries specified
by an administrative ruling.
(Deposit of samples or reproductions)
1. The application for prior protection referred to in the previous article shall
be preceded by the lodging of the respective samples or reproductions.
2. The DES may conclude protocols with suitable entities for the purposes envisaged
in the previous paragraph.
3. The prior protection application shall be filed with the DES within 15 days
of such lodging, it being possible to extended this deadline, for an equal period,
for a justified reason worthy of consideration.
(Secrecy and archiving)
1. The samples or reproductions referred to in the previous article shall be
kept secret during the period of validity of prior protection and archived beyond
that period of validity.
2. In case of conflict as regards priorities in requests of previous protection,
account shall be taken of the date on which the sample was deposited.
(Form of application for prior protection)
1. The application for prior protection for an industrial model or design shall
be filed in writing in an official language of the Territory, indicating the name
or commercial style of the applicant, his/its nationality and domicile or location,
and shall be accompanied by the following elements:
a) The number of samples or reproductions to be registered, up to a maximum of
50;
b) The title or short title that synthesizes the subject matter or matters for
which protection is being claimed or the purpose of such subject matter;
c) The name and country or territory of residence of the creator's.
2. Fantasy expressions used to designate the industrial model or design shall
not be subject matter subject to protection.
(Proof of deposit of samples)
The application for prior protection shall be accompanied by a certificate issued
by the entities referred to in article 187(2), which identifies the applicant, indicates
the date of reception of the samples or reproductions and the number allocated to
the deposit.
(Duration of prior protection)
Prior protection shall obtain for 3 months from the date the respective application
reaches the DES.
(Rights conferred)
Prior protection shall confer a priority right for the purposes of any registration
application pursuant to the terms of articles 160 et seq.
(Lapse of prior protection)
Prior protection shall lapse in the period foreseen in article 191 or when application
is filed to register any of the models or designs covered by that prior protection,
under the terms of articles 160 et seq.
(Conversion of the prior protection application)
During the prior protection period, the applicant may at any time begin the registration
process provided for in article[s] 160 [et seq] for the same designs or models for
which the prior protection application was made.
(Registration application for administrative acts or court action)
If the applicant for prior protection intends to intervene in the administrative
proceedings against the granting of registration or if he intends to take legal action on
the industrial model or design, he shall file with the DES for a registration and
examination application pursuant to articles 167 and 168.
(Fees)
1. A fee, set for the purpose, shall be due in respect of each application for
prior protection and according to the number of samples or reproductions that it
contains.
2. Failure to pay the fees referred to in the previous sub-paragraph shall render
the prior protection application irreceivable.
TRADEMARKS
SUBJECT MATTER OF PROTECTION
(Subject matter of the trademark)
The present Statute can afford protection as a trademark only to a sign or group
of signs which are capable of being represented graphically, namely words, including
personal names, designs, letters, numerals, sounds, the shape of the product or
its packaging, and which are capable of distinguishing the products or services
of one company from those of other companies.
(Linguistic requirements)
1. Wording contained in trademarks shall be written in Portuguese, Chinese or
English, and may combine elements of these different languages.
2. The trademarks of products destined solely for export can be written in any
language, but their use in Macao shall determine when they lapse.
3. The compulsory nature of the use of Portuguese, Chinese or English shall not
apply to applications for the registration of international marks, under the terms
of the respective regulation, and to marks whose applicant is not domiciled, headquartered
or established in the Territory.
(Exceptions and limitations to protection)
1. Protection may not be afforded:
a) Signs that consist exclusively in the shape resulting from the nature of the
product itself, the shape of the product necessary for obtaining a technical result
or the shape that gives the product its own substantial value;
b) Signs or indications that may be used commercially to designate the kind,
quality, quantity, purpose, value, geographical origin or time of production of
the product or of the rendering of the service, or other characteristics thereof;
c) Signs or indications that have become customary in current language or in
bona fide and established commercial practices;
d) Colours, except where they are combined together or used with graphics, wording
or other elements in a particular and distinctive manner.
2. The generic elements mentioned in sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) of the preceding
paragraph that constitute part of a trademark shall not be for the exclusive use
of the applicant, unless the signs have acquired distinctive character in commercial
practice.
3. On the request of the applicant or claimant, the DES shall, in handing down
its ruling, indicate which of the constituent elements of the trademark are not
for the exclusive use of the applicant.
(Collective trademark)
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous article, trademarks may be
protected as a collective trademark, according to the conditions pertaining to association
marks or certification marks.
2. The registration of a collective trademark shall give its holder the right
to control the marketing of the respective products or services, on the terms stipulated
by law or in the statutes.
3. For the purpose of the present Statute, the following shall apply:
a) Association Mark: a specific sign belonging to an association of individuals
and/or bodies corporate, whose members use or have the intention of using the sign
for products or services;
b) Certification Mark: a specific sign belonging to a corporate entity that controls
the products or services or establishes the regulations with which they must comply
and that is to be used on the products or services subjected to that control or
for which the regulations were established.
4. The provisions of the present Statute relating to product and service marks
shall apply mutatis mutandis to collective marks.
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